Table 4.

Two parallel lists of ACT items.

	List A	List B
Set 1	Flower [Blume]	Mirror [Spiegel]
	Bottle [Flasche]	Knife [Messer]
	Necklace [Kette]	Ring [Ring]
	Key [Schlüssel]	Feather [Feder]
	Thread [Faden]	Bowl [Schale]
Set 2	Bell [Glocke]	Ball [Ball]
	Nail [Nagel]	Cup [Tasse]
	Fork [Gabel]	Brush [Pinsel]
	Button [Knopf]	Pipe [Pfeife]
	Goblet [Becher]	Hammer [Hammer]
Set 3	Pencil [Stift]	Glasses [Brille]
	Hook [Haken]	Spoon [Löffel]
	Can [Dose]	Stamp [Stempel]
	Comb [Kamm]	Syringe [Spritze]
	Screw [Schraube]	Saw [Säge]
Set 4	Pliers [Zange]	Tea Pot [Kanne]
	Perfume [Parfüm]	Scissors [Schere]
	Magnet [Magnet]	Sieve [Sieb]
	Alarm Clock [Wecker]	Compass [Kompass]
	Ointment [Salbe]	Pencil Sharpener [Spitzer]
Mean normalized lemma frequency (SD)	13.3 (11.7)	13.3 (10.3)
Average number of syllables (SD)	1.9 (0.4)	1.9 (0.4)
Average number of phonetic sounds (SD)	5.0 (0.7)	5.0 (1.3)
Average number of consonant clusters at word onset (SD)	1.4 (0.5)	1.4 (0.6)

Two parallel lists of Action Communication Test (ACT) items, translated from German. Each word represents a real generic object used throughout all testing sessions. Original words consist of one or two syllables; compounds were excluded. Items are sorted by normalized lemma frequency (number of occurrences per million words) in descending order (from top to bottom), with values retrieved from the German dlex database (www.dlexdb.de). Note: To improve the psychometric quality of the ACT, we increased the number of sets per item list in subsequent research.

SD, Standard deviation.