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. 2017 May 19;8:312. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00312

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Copyright © 2017 Beltrán-Heredia, Almendro-Vedia, Monroy and Cao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Constriction force F_c compared with the reference constriction force F_{c, 0} (defined as the constriction force in the case with C₀ = Σ = Δp = 0), both forces are computed at the beginning of constriction (s = 0.2). ( F_c > F_{c, 0}, F_c < F_{c, 0}, F_c imaginary: impossible constriction). Constriction force is shown as a function of $\tilde{Σ} R_{m}^{2}$ (y-axis) and $Δ \tilde{p} R_{m}^{3}$ (x-axis) with C₀R_m = −0.3 (A), C₀R_m = 0 (B), and C₀R_m = 0.3 (C). Regions shaded in blue (red) correspond to conditions giving constriction forces lower (larger) than F_{c, 0} and regions shaded in black correspond to conditions under which constriction is impossible (imaginary analytical results and no numerical solution).

Inline graphic — Constriction force F_c compared with the reference constriction force F_{c, 0} (defined as the constriction force in the case with C₀ = Σ = Δp = 0), both forces are computed at the beginning of constriction (s = 0.2). ( F_c > F_{c, 0}, F_c < F_{c, 0}, F_c imaginary: impossible constriction). Constriction force is shown as a function of $\tilde{Σ} R_{m}^{2}$ (y-axis) and $Δ \tilde{p} R_{m}^{3}$ (x-axis) with C₀R_m = −0.3 (A), C₀R_m = 0 (B), and C₀R_m = 0.3 (C). Regions shaded in blue (red) correspond to conditions giving constriction forces lower (larger) than F_{c, 0} and regions shaded in black correspond to conditions under which constriction is impossible (imaginary analytical results and no numerical solution).