Table 4.
Cox regression for time-to-1st COPD exacerbation
| Treatment group | HR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| (A) | ||
| Any ICS | 1.37 (1.29, 1.47) | 0.001 |
| None | Reference | |
| (B) | ||
| Fluticasone | 1.12 (1.04, 1.21) | 0.003 |
| Other ICS | Reference | |
| No ICS | 0.77 (0.71, 0.83) | <0.001 |
| (C) | ||
| Fluticasone | ||
| Placebo | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29) | 0.005 |
| Tiotropium | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | 0.49 |
| Other ICS | ||
| Placebo | Reference | |
| Tiotropium | 0.88 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.031 |
| No ICS | ||
| Placebo | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86) | <0.001 |
| Tiotropium | 0.67 (0.60, 0.75) | <0.001 |
Calculations subject to rounding errors
ICS inhaled corticosteroids, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval