Figure 7.

Metformin inhibited HMGB1-induced TNFα elevation in vivo. A and B, Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally administered full-length HMGB1 or HMGB1-ΔAT at 1 mg/kg (A) or LPS at 0.1 mg/kg (B) in the absence or presence of 300 mg/kg metformin. As a control, PBS vehicle was injected. In some experiments HMGB1, HMGB1-ΔAT, or LPS was preincubated with metformin at 4 °C for 24 h before injection. Serum TNFα levels were measured by ELISA 2 h after peritoneal administration. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E. (n = 7). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 versus HMGB1 alone.