Figure 3.

Autophagy is not directly related to Zap1 induction. A, microscopic observation of Zap1-GFP, Adh4-GFP, or Adh1-GFP in zinc-free media. Cells expressing Zap1-GFP, Adh4-GFP, and Adh1-GFP in wild-type or atg2Δ cells were cultured in SD(−zinc) for the indicated times and then observed by fluorescence microscopy. B, time course of Zap1 induction and autophagy following zinc starvation. C, microscopic observation of GFP-Atg8 in the absence of Zap1. Wild-type, atg2Δ, atg11Δ, zap1Δ, zap1Δatg2Δ, and zap1Δatg11Δ cells expressing GFP-Atg8 were transferred to SD(−zinc) at time 0. At the indicated time points, GFP-Atg8 was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.