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. 2017 May 11;8:15218. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15218

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(a,b) Light absorption spectrum for ageing CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI₃(Cl) under dry air and illumination (25 mW cm⁻²) respectively. (c) Normalized power conversion efficiency loss for photovoltaic devices employing CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (referred to as MAPI) and CH₃NH₃PbI₃(Cl) (referred to as MAPIC) as the light harvesting materials in an [FTO/planar-TiO₂/mesoporous-TiO₂/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au] architecture. J-V curves obtained for these studies are shown in Supplementary Fig. 4. (d) Normalized fluorescence intensity increase of the HE probe at 610 nm (excitation at 520 nm). I_F(t) is the fluorescence maximum at time t, while I_F(t₀) is the background fluorescence intensity. I_F(t)/I_F(t₀) ratio corresponds to the yield of superoxide generation for the perovskite films. (e,f) Surface SEM images of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI₃(Cl) films deposited on cleaned glass substrates.