Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression analyses of nailfold microvascular features in relation to exfoliation syndrome/exfoliation glaucoma (XFS/XFG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
| Nailfold microvascular features |
XFS/XFG vs Controls |
POAG vs Controls |
XFS/XFG vs POAG |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariable-adjusted Model 1a odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Multivariable-adjusted Model 2b odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P-for trend for Model 2 | Multivariable-adjusted Model 1a odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Multivariable-adjusted Model 2b odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P-for trend for Model 2 | Multivariable-adjusted Model 1c odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Multivariable-adjusted Model 2d odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P-for trend for Model 2 | |
| Number of hemorrhages per 100 capillaries | |||||||||
| 0.0 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
| >0.0 and <1.0 | 1.1 (0.4–3.2) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | <0.0001 | 3.9 (1.7–9.0) | 3.7 (1.5–8.9) | <0.0001 | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.91 |
| ≥1.0 | 9.5 (2.9–30.2) | 15.3 (3.8–60.8) | 7.4 (3.0–18.2) | 6.8 (2.7–17.4) | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | |||
| Number of avascular zones ≥200 μm per 100 capillaries | |||||||||
| 0.0 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
| >0.0 and <0.5 | 4.3 (1.1–16.5) | 9.4 (1.8–46.9) | <0.0001 | 4.3 (1.6–11.6) | 5.8 (1.9–17.9) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (0.3–3.9) | 1.1 (0.2–4.7) | 0.04 |
| ≥0.5 | 21.7 (7.1–66.1) | 34.4 (8.6–137.4) | 7.3 (2.9–17.8) | 10.4 (3.7–29.2) | 3.1 (1.2–7.9) | 2.7 (1.0–7.4) | |||
| Mean tortuosity scoree | |||||||||
| <1.0 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
| ≥1.0 and <1.5 | 3.3 (1.1–10.5) | 3.5 (1.0–13.4) | <0.0001 | 2.6 (1.2–5.8) | 3.2 (1.4–7.4) | 0.01 | 1.1 (0.3–3.0) | 0.9 (0.3–3.1) | 0.005 |
| ≥1.5 | 12.1 (4.1–35.6) | 17.9 (5.0–63.6) | 2.2 (0.9–5.2) | 2.6 (1.0–6.8) | 4.3 (1.6–11.7) | 4.4 (1.5–13.3) | |||
Abbreviation: ref, reference.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, and race.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, arthritis, diabetes, smoking (never, ever, or current), mean arterial pressure, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, and malignancy (non-skin cancer).
c
Adjusted for age, sex, race, and family history of glaucoma.
d
Adjusted for age, sex, race, family history of glaucoma, body mass index, arthritis, diabetes, smoking (never, ever, or current), mean arterial pressure, use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, and malignancy (non-skin cancer).
e
Tortuosity scores assigned at the 1-min and 2-min time points on both fingers assessed. Mean tortuosity score is the average of four tortuosity ratings per patient.