Table 4.
Predictors of 5-year survival in colorectal cancer patients
| Variables | aCrude HR (95% CI) | bAdjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.13 (0.96–1.31) | 1.41 (1.12–1.76) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Malays | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Chinese | 1.26 (1.03–1.56) | 1.41 (1.07–1.85) |
| Indians | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 1.32 (0.78–1.71) |
| Preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level | ||
| Not elevated | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Elevated | 2.31 (1.91–2.79) | 2.13 (1.60–2.83) |
| Duke’s stages | ||
| A&B | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| C | 1.66 (1.29–2.12) | 1.68 (1.28–2.21) |
| D | 4.94 (3.78–6.45) | 4.61 (3.39–6.28) |
| Urgency of surgery | ||
| Elective | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Emergency | 1.42 (1.11–1.82) | 1.52 (1.07–2.15) |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
aUnivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression analysis
bMultivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), tumour grades, and treatment modalities