Table 6.

Predictors of 5-year survival in rectal cancer patients

Predictors	aCrude HR (95% CI)	bAdjusted HR (95% CI)
Sex
Female	1.00	1.00
Male	1.27 (1.02–1.60)	1.68 (1.19–2.37)
Preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) level
Not elevated	1.00	1.00
Elevated	2.03 (1.55–2.65)	2.09 (1.39–2.37)
Duke’s stages
A&B	1.00	1.00
C	1.27 (0.89–1.80)	1.16 (0.79–1.72)
D	3.98 (2.37–5.80)	3.97 (2.59–6.10)
Tumour grades
Low	1.00	1.00
High	2.99 (1.92–4.67)	2.91 (1.65–5.14)

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval

^aUnivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression analysis

^bMultivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, co- morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension), tumour grade and treatment modalities