Table 1. GBCr Alteration in MDD at Baseline and 24 h Following Ketamine Treatment.
| Region | Side | Coordinates (peak) | Cluster size (mm3) | HC GBCr (mean±SEM) | MDD GBCr (mean±SEM) | Effect size (Cohen's d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preketamine MDD<HC | ||||||
| Superior medial frontal | R | 4, 24, 52 | 320 | 0.39±0.07 | −0.14±0.11 | −1.38 |
| Lateral PFC | R | 42, 44, 12 | 266 | 0.61±0.06 | 0.17±0.07 | −1.47 |
| Lateral PFC | L | −30, 42, 32 | 226 | 0.45±0.08 | −0.08±0.12 | −1.24 |
| Superior medial frontal | L | −6, 34, 26 | 202 | 0.39±0.07 | −0.15±0.14 | −1.21 |
| Lateral PFC | R | 50, 26, 30 | 180 | 0.58±0.06 | 0.10±0.07 | −1.56 |
| Superior medial frontal | R | 24, 0, 60 | 174 | 0.54±0.05 | 0.09±0.08 | −1.55 |
| Lateral PFC | R | 40, 28, −4 | 144 | 0.38±0.05 | −0.02±0.08 | −1.49 |
| Preketamine MDD>HC | ||||||
| Cerebellum | L | −30, −80, −24 | 1746 | −0.25±0.07 | 0.36±0.09 | 1.70 |
| Cerebellum | R | 8, −78, −16 | 350 | −0.21±0.10 | 0.37±0.09 | 1.37 |
| Precuneus | L R | −2, −70, −6 | 292 | 0.18±0.07 | 0.70±0.07 | 1.67 |
| Posterior cingulate | L R | 0, −32, 26 | 226 | −0.17±0.10 | 0.38±0.09 | 1.21 |
| Lingual | L | −2, −90, −16 | 222 | 0.08±0.08 | 0.63±0.09 | 1.37 |
| Postketamine MDD<HC | ||||||
| Lateral orbitofrontal | R | 12, 16, −22 | 176 | −0.01±0.07 | −0.51±0.09 | −1.37 |
| Postketamine MDD>HC | ||||||
| Cerebellum | L | −28, −78, −22 | 292 | −0.38±0.10 | 0.30±0.11 | 1.42 |
| Cerebellum | L | −10, −86, −22 | 152 | −0.40±0.09 | 0.21±0.13 | 1.26 |
| Postketamine MDD>preketamine MDD | Preketamine | Postketamine | ||||
| Lateral PFC | R | −32, 50, 20 | 430 | −0.04±0.10 | 0.39±0.09 | 1.13 |
| Postketamine MDD<preketamine MDD | ||||||
| Cerebellum | L | 16, −64, −26 | 280 | 0.38±0.07 | −0.01±0.10 | −1.14 |
| Cerebellum | L | 22, −70, −22 | 200 | 0.86±0.06 | 0.47±0.08 | −1.38 |
Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; L, left; MDD, major depressive disorder; PFC, prefrontal cortex; R, right.