Table 5. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with suboptimal immune recovery among adults receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy at seven sites in East Africa.

	CD4⁺ cell count (SO-IR 200) <200 cells/μl		CD4⁺ cell count <350 cells/μl		CD4⁺ cell count <500 cells/μl
	(N=42 306)		(N=52 762)		(N=54 895)
Patient factors	Sub-hazard ratio (95% CI)	P	Sub-hazard ratio (95% CI)	P	Sub-hazard ratio (95% CI)	P
Age per 5-year increase	1.01 (1.00–1.03)	0.026	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<0.001	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	<0.001
Male gender	1.14 (1.08–1.20)	<0.001	1.09 (1.05–1.12)	<0.001	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	0.035
Baseline CD4⁺ cell count (cells/μl)^a
<100	0.89 (0.80–0.99)	<0.001	0.72 (0.68–0.74)	<0.001	0.74 (0.71–0.76)	<0.001
100–200	1.00		0.68 (0.65–0.71)	<0.001	0.65 (0.63–0.67)	<0.001
≥200			1.00		1.00
WHO clinical stage
I–II	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
III–IV	0.79 (0.74–0.83)		0.72 (0.70–0.74		0.73 (0.71–0.75)
First-line cART regimen
Triple-NRTI	0.83 (0.66–1.04)	0.104	0.72 (0.62–0.82)	<0.001	0.73 (0.66–0.81)	<0.001
PI-based	0.68 (0.39–1.19)	0.176	0.79 (0.59–1.06)	0.117	0.86 (0.71–1.05)	0.148
NNRTI-based	1.00		1.00		1.00
Baseline hemoglobin count (g/dl)
<10	1.39 (1.29–1.48)	<0.001	1.29 (1.24–1.34)	<0.001	1.29 (1.26–1.33)	<0.001
≥10	1.00		1.00		1.00
Baseline weight (kg)
<60	1.00	0.181	1.00	0.008	1.00	<0.001
≥60	1.04 (0.98–1.10)		1.04 (1.01–1.08)		1.05 (1.02–1.07)

NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitors; antiretroviral therapy (ART).

The reference group for SO-IR200 is CD4⁺ cell count 100–200 cells/μl.