Table 3. Attitudes: Comparisons within and between control and experimental groups.

Variable	Control (N = 369)					Experimental (N = 372)					C v E
	Pre-test (baseline)	Re-test (no intervention)	Change	Effect Size	P-value	Pre-test (baseline)	Post-test after intervention	Change	Effect Size	P-value	P-value
Attitude average *	5.78 (5.71, 5.86)	5.95 (5.87, 6.03)	0.17 (0.12, 0.21)	0.36	<0.001	5.80 (5.73, 5.87)	6.39 (6.33, 6.46)	0.59 (0.53, 0.65)	0.98	<0.001	<0.001
Question a*	5.81 (5.66, 5.97)	6.08 (6.95, 6.21)	0.27 (0.12, 0.41)	0.18	<0.001	5.86 (5.71, 6.01)	6.44 (6.33, 6.55)	0.58 (0.43, 0.74)	0.38	<0.001	0.004
Question b*	5.63 (5.48, 5.78)	5.86 (5.72, 6.0)	0.23 (0.09, 0.37)	0.16	0.002	5.74 (5.59, 5.88)	6.32 (6.21, 6.44)	0.58 (0.43, 0.74)	0.39	<0.001	<0.001
Question c*	6.29 (6.17, 6.41)	6.33 (6.22, 6.44)	0.04 (-0.08, 0.15)	0.04	0.595	6.14 (6.0, 6.28)	6.57 (6.48, 6.67)	0.43 (0.29, 0.57)	0.31	<0.001	<0.001
Question d*	6.09 (5.96, 6.23)	6.27 (6.16, 6.38)	0.17 (0.03, 0.32)	0.12	0.012	6.10 (5.97, 6.23)	6.65 (6.58, 6.72)	0.55 (0.43, 0.68)	0.45	<0.001	<0.001
Question e*	6.15 (6.03, 6.27)	6.11 (5.98, 6.24)	-0.04 (-0.17, 0.09)	0.03	0.549	6.13(6.01, 6.25)	6.43 (6.32, 6.55)	0.30 (0.16, 0.44)	0.22	<0.001	<0.001
Question f*	6.01 (5.88, 6.13)	6.17 (6.06, 6.29)	0.17 (0.05, 0.28)	0.15	0.012	6.0 (5.87, 6.13)	6.49 (6.40, 6.59)	0.49 (0.35, 0.63)	0.36	<0.001	<0.001
Question g*	6.27 (6.14, 6.40)	6.41 (6.30, 6.52)	0.14 (0.03, 0.25)	0.13	0.020	6.29 (6.16, 6.42)	6.60 (6.51, 6.69)	0.31 (0.19, 0.44)	0.25	<0.001	0.043
Question h*	5.59 (5.43, 5.74)	5.88 (5.74, 6.02)	0.29 (0.15, 0.43)	0.21	<0.001	5.61 (5.46, 5.76)	6.35 (6.24, 6.47)	0.74 (0.59, 0.90)	0.50	<0.001	<0.001
Question i*	5.06 (4.88, 5.25)	5.38 (5.20, 5.56)	0.32 (0.16, 0.48)	0.21	<0.001	5.04 (4.86, 5.22)	6.11 (5.96, 6.26)	1.07 (0.86, 1.28)	0.52	<0.001	<0.001
Question j*	6.09 (5.97, 6.22)	6.14 (6.02, 6.26)	0.05 (-0.07, 0.16)	0.04	0.447	6.08 (5.95, 6.21)	6.52 (6.41, 6.62)	0.44 (0.30, 0.57)	0.33	<0.001	<0.001
Question k*	5.29 (5.12, 5.46)	5.36 (5.19, 5.53)	0.08 (-0.09, 0.24)	0.05	0.407	5.24 (5.07, 5.41)	6.20 (6.05, 6.34)	0.95 (0.76, 1.14)	0.51	<0.001	<0.001
Question l*	5.24 (5.07, 5.41)	5.52 (5.35, 5.68)	0.28 (0.10, 0.45)	0.16	0.002	5.26 (5.10, 5.43)	6.04 (5.89, 6.19)	0.78 (0.60, 0.95)	0.45	<0.001	<0.001
Question m*	5.67 (5.53, 5.82)	5.86 (5.72, 6.0)	0.19 (0.04, 0.33)	0.13	0.014	5.89 (5.76, 6.02)	6.37 (6.26, 6.48)	0.48 (0.33, 0.63)	0.33	<0.001	0.006

* Paired t-tests and Two-sample t-test for change from Pre-test to Re-test or Post-test (Re-Pre, Post-Pre): Mean (95% CI), Cohen’s d effect sizeAttitude Range: 1 = more negative response to 7 = more positive response. Effect size: 0.2 = small, 0.5 = medium, 0.8 = larg