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. 2017 May 19;7:2143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02134-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CS-DS coating on DOX loaded PLGA-PVA-NP induces DNA damage in MCF-7- DOX-R cells. (a) DNA damage (comet formation) increased after treatment with NPs. (b) Histogram representing average comet length in pixel. (c) Immunocytochemistry images of γ H2AX expressions in cells after treatment with NPs. Cells were stained with γH2AX and nuclei were stained with DAPI and images were taken under fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Japan). (d) Expression of representative proteins involved in DNA damage.