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. 2017 May 19;7:2141. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01490-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Regulation of the E. coli biotin operon transcription by the BirA ligase/biotin repressor. General model of BirA bio operon regulation in E. coli. Green ovals denote BirA; tailed blue ovals denote the biotin acceptor protein, AccB; black dots denote biotin; black dots with red pentagons denote biotinoyl-5′-adenylate. The left panel shows derepression of bio operon transcription engendered by biotin limitation whereas the right panel shows the transcriptionally repressed state under excess biotin.