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. 2017 May 19;7:2157. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02250-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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3D image of absolute distance difference calculation. The horizontal reference planes are perpendicular to the coronal plane and therefore appear in a two-dimensional fashion. The distance was measured from each landmark perpendicular to the FH plane. The subsequent distances of the Sor-, Z-, and FH planes were calculated and indicated as (Sor to FH) + (FH toU6) for Sor-U6, (Z to FH) + (FH to U6) for Z-U6, and FH to U6 for both left and right sides to ensure real 3D distance measurement between the planes. The absolute distance differences were calculated as the distance difference between left and right sides for each plane in millimeters.