Table 1.

Summary of the World Health Organization (WHO) 9 voluntary targets and 25 indicators for global noncommunicable disease (NCD) monitoring [1].

Element		Targets	Relevant indicators
Morbidity and mortality
	Premature mortality from NCD	25% reduction in premature mortality from NCD	Unconditional probability of death between ages 30 and 70 years from the 4 main NCDs
			Cancer incidence, by type of cancer, per 100,000 population
Risk Factors
Behavioral risk factors
	Harmful use of alcohol	10% reduction in harmful use of alcohol	Total (recorded, unrecorded) alcohol per capita (in ≥15 years old) consumption within a calendar year in liters pure alcohol
			Age-standardized prevalence of heavy episodic drinking among adolescents and adults
			Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality among adolescents and adults
	Physical inactivity	10% reduction in prevalence of physical inactivity	Prevalence of insufficiently active adolescents, defined as <60 min of moderate or vigorous intensity activity daily
			Age-standardized prevalence of insufficiently active persons, aged ≥18 years (defined as <150 min moderate activity per week, or equivalent)
	Salt or sodium intake	30% reduction in mean population intake of salt or sodium	Age-standardized mean population intake of salt (sodium chloride) per day in grams in persons ≥18 years old
	Tobacco use	30% reduction in prevalence of tobacco use	Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents
			Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons ≥18 years old
Biological risk factors
	Raised blood pressure	25% reduction in prevalence of raised blood pressure or contain the prevalence of raised blood pressure	Age-standardized prevalence of raised blood pressure among persons ≥18 years old (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg); and mean systolic blood pressure
	Diabetes and obesity	0% increase in diabetes or obesity	Age-standardized prevalence raised blood glucose or diabetes among ≥18 years old (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or on medication for raised blood glucose)
			Prevalence overweight or obesity in adolescents (WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents)
			Age-standardized prevalence of overweight or obesity ≥18 years (body mass index ≥25 kg/m²; overweight ≥30 kg/m² obesity)
Additional indicators			Age-standardized mean proportion of total energy intake from saturated fatty acids in persons ≥18 years old
			Age-standardized prevalence (≥18 years old) consuming less than five total servings (400 g) of fruit or vegetables per day
			Age-standardized prevalence raised total cholesterol aged ≥18 years (total cholesterol ≥5.0 mmol/L or 190 mg/dL)
National Response Systems
	Drug therapies to prevent heart attacks and strokes	≥50% coverage in eligible individuals in drug therapy and counseling	Proportion of eligible persons (defined as ≥40 years old with a 10-year cardiovascular risk of ≥30%, including those with existing CVD) receiving drug therapy and counseling (including glycemic control) to prevent heart attacks and strokes
	Essential NCD medicines and basic technologies to treat major NCDs	80% coverage for technologies and essential NCD medicines to treat NCD in public and private facilities	Availability and affordability of quality, safe and efficacious essential NCD medicines, including generics, and basic technologies in both public and private facilities
Additional indicators			Access to palliative care assessed by morphine-equivalent consumption of strong opioid per death from cancer
			Adoption of national policies that limit saturated fatty acids and virtually eliminate partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in the food supply
			Availability of cost-effective and affordable vaccines against human papillomavirus
			Policies to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods and nonalcoholic beverages high in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, free sugars, or salt
			Vaccination coverage hepatitis B by number of third doses of Hepatitis-B vaccine (HepB3) administered to infants
			Proportion of women 30-49 years screened for cervical cancer at least once

^aNCD: noncommunicable disease.

^bmmol: millimole.

^cmg: milligram.

^ddL: deciliter.

^eWHO: World Health Organization.

^fCVD: cardiovascular disease.