Table 1.

Key mobile phone surveys (MPS) considerations by survey phase.

Phase	Key considerations	Mitigation
Presampling	Differences between phone owners and nonphone owners	Decreases as mobile penetration increases in LMICs; survey of nonphone owners can help understand bias
Sampling and survey execution	Source of numbers to sample from; obtaining a representative sample; multiple phone or SIM card ownership	Prescreened “valid numbers only” bank of numbers; random digit dialing; automated active strata monitoring
Postsampling	Residual differences between phone owners and nonphone owners; residual differences between respondents and nonrespondents; residual differences between single- and multiple-phone owners	Postsampling weighting