Table 1.
Baseline characteristics healthy controls and type 2 diabetic patients
| Controls (n = 10) | T2DM patients (n = 26) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 59 ± 5 | 66 ± 5 | <0.01 |
| Diabetes duration, years | NA | 8 (5–11) | NA |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | NA | 24 (92%) | NA |
| Male, n (%) | 10 (100) | 26 (100) | 1.00 |
| BMI, kg m−2 | 29.4 ± 2.2 | 29.8 ± 3.1 | 0.74 |
| Waist, cm | 103 ± 6 | 110 ± 10 | 0.04 |
| Medication | |||
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | NA | 15 (56%) | NA |
| Angiotensin II blocker, n (%) | NA | 10 (37%) | NA |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | NA | 23 (85%) | NA |
| Statins, n (%) | NA | 24 (89%) | NA |
| Biochemical measurements (in fasten state) | |||
| HbA1c, % | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | <0.01 |
| Plasma glucose, mmol L−1 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 9.7 ± 2.6 | <0.01 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol L−1 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol L−1 | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | <0.01 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol L | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides, mmol L−1 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 0.02 |
| Non-esterified fatty acids, mmol L−1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.03 |
| eGFR (MDRD), mL min−1 1.73 m−2 | 89 ± 14 | 86 ± 28 | 0.80 |
| Albumin-to-creatinin ratio, g mol−1 | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 1.3 (0.6–2.4) | <0.01 |
Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or numbers of patients (percentage)
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, NA not applicable, BMI body mass index, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MDRD modification of diet in renal disease