Table 2.

ERAS 22 elements

ERAS 22 elements
Preoperative
1. PAC patient education
1. PAC shared decision-making
1. PAC nutrition
1. PAC medical optimization
2. Fluid and carb loading
3. No prolonged fasting
4. No/selective bowel prep
5. Antibiotic prophylaxis
Intraoperative
6. Thromboprophylaxis
7. No premedication
8. Nausea and vomiting prophylaxis
9. Short-acting anaesthetic agents
10. No drains
11. Avoidance of salt and water overload
12. Maintenance of normothermia
Postoperative
13. Mid-thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesic
14. No nasogastric tubes
15. Prevention of nausea and vomiting
16. Avoidance of salt and water load
17. Early removal of catheter
18. Early oral nutrition
19. Non-opioid oral analgesia/NSAIDs
20. Early mobilization
21. Stimulation of gut motility
22. Audit of compliance and outcomes
Not applicable