Table 2.

Effects of socio-demographic characteristics on the health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) in Dalian City, China

Socio-demographic characteristics	Total HPLP-II Mean ± SD	HR Mean ± SD	SG Mean ± SD	PA Mean ± SD	Nutrition Mean ± SD	IR Mean ± SD	SM Mean ± SD
Gender
Female	2.63 ± 0.47	2.28 ± .59	2.24 ± .60	2.33 ± 0.58	2.68 ± 0.60	2.89 ± 0.58	2.38 ± 0.50
Male	2.65 ± 0.40	2.24 ± 0.57	2.88 ± 0.54	2.34 ± 0.57	2.74 ± 0.55	2.89 ± 0.49	2.40 ± 0.47
t	−.487	1.12	−.395	−1.408	−1.11	−.079	−.398
P value	0.616	0.264	0.267	0.694	0.160	0.937	0.688
95% CI	-0.08 ~ .05	−0.04 ~ .13	−0.13 ~ 0.03	−0.10 ~ 0.07	−0.14 ~ 0.02	−0.08 ~ 0.07	−0.08 ~ 0.05
Eta squared	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.000
BMI
< 18.5	2.60 ± 0.51	2.62 ± 0.63	2.85 ± 0.65	2.34 ± 0.51	2.62 ± 0.63	2.85 ± 0.69	2.41 ± 0.56
18.6 - 24.9	2.64 ± 0.44	2.70 ± 0.59	2.92 ± 0.57	2.32 ± 0.58	2.70 ± 0.59	2.90 ± 0.53	2.39 ± 0.48
25.0 - 29.9	2.64 ± 0.39	2.79 ± 0.53	2.85 ± 0.55	2.35 ± 0.57	2.79 ± 0.54	2.86 ± 0.52	2.39 ± 0.46
≥ 30	2.69 ± 0.54	2.74 ± 0.64	2.91 ± 0.63	2.44 ± 0.69	2.74 ± 0.63	2.86 ± 0.65	2.37 ± 0.64
F	0.288	1.042	0.529	0.614	1.410	0.264	0.040
P Value	0.834	0.373	0.662	0.606	0.239	0.852	0.989
Eta squared	0.001	0.004	0.002	0.002	0.005	0.000	0.000
Level of education
Sophomore/Freshman year	2.63 ± 0.44	2.22 ± 0.57	2.90 ± 0.57	2.32 ± 0.58	2.70 ± 0.59	2.89 ± 0.55	2.38 ± 0.49
Senior Year	2.70 ± .45	2.43 ± .58	2.90 ± .61	2.40 ± .55	2.76 ± .58	2.91 ± .54	2.44 ± .48
Post graduate	2.47 ± 37	2.35 ± .51	2.82 ± .50	2.22 ± .57	2.40 ± 0.39	2.59 ± 0.46	2.14 ± 0.29
F	3.061	8.401	0.166	1.523	3.125	2.934	0.040
P value	0.047	0.000	0.847	0.219	0.044	0.054	0.989
Eta squared	0.008	0.021	0.000	0.004	0.008	0.007	0.000
Students’ major
Medical	2.60 ± 0.43	2.25 ± 0.55	2.87 ± 0.56	2.30 ± 0.55	2.67 ± 0.58	2.85 ± 0.53	2.36 ± .49
Non-medical	2.75 ± 0.49	2.33 ± .66	2.99 ± .62	2.44 ± .65	2.85 ± .60	3.03 ± 0.58	2.50 ± 0.48
t	−3.895	−1.62	−2.62	−3.65	−2.46	−3.95	−3.68
P value	0.000	0.100	0.014	0.009	0.000	0.000	0.000
95% CI	−.22 ~ −0.07	−0.19 ~ 0.02	−0.22 ~ −0.02	−0.25 ~ −0.03	−0.28 ~ −0.09	−0.27 ~ −0.09	−0.23 ~ −0.07
Eta squared	0.019	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.005	0.019	0.017
Smoking status
Current smoker	2.48 ± 0.42	2.30 ± 0.54	2.68 ± 0.52	2.33 ± 0.54	2.46 ± 0.50	2.65 ± 0.54	2.22 ± 0.47
Non-smoker	2.65 ± 0.44	2.26 ± 0.58	2.92 ± 0.58	2.33 ± 0.58	2.73 ± 0.59	2.91 ± 0.54	2.41 ± 0.49
t	−3.161	0.444	−3.412	0.013	−3.797	−3.822	−3.161
P value	0.002	0.657	0.001	0.990	0.000	0.000	0.002
95% CI	-0.28 ~ −0.07	−0.11 ~ 0.17	−0.38 ~ −0.10	−0.14 ~ 0.14	−0.41 ~ −0.13	−0.39 ~ −0.12	−0.28 ~ −0.07
Eta squared	0.012	0.000	0.014	0.000	0.018	0.005	0.012
Alcohol consumption
drinker	2.56 ± 0.42	2.19 ± 0.56	2.80 ± 0.57	2.35 ± 0.55	2.58 ± 0.53	2.79 ± 0.52	2.33 ± 0.46
Non-drinker	2.67 ± 0.45	2.30 ± 0.59	2.94 ± 0.57	2.32 ± 0.59	2.76 ± 0.60	2.93 ± 0.55	2.42 ± 0.50
t	−3.335	−2.312	−3.242	0.642	−3.824	−3.357	−2.185
P value	0.001	0.021	0.001	0.521	0.000	0.001	0.029
95% CI	-0.18 ~ −0.05	−0.19 ~ −0.02	−0.23 ~ −0.06	−0.06 ~ 0.12	−0.26 ~ −0.08	−0.22 ~ −0.06	−0.16 ~ −0.01
Eta squared	0.014	0.007	0.013	0.000	0.018	0.014	0.006
Financial status
≤ 1000	2.63 ± .49	2.24 ± .58	2.91 ± .66	2.34 ± .61	2.66 ± .63	2.92 ± .58	2.39 ± .54
1000 ~ 2000	2.65 ± .43	2.29 ± .59	2.91 ± .54	2.34 ± .57	2.72 ± .57	2.88 ± .54	2.40 ± .45
> 2000	2.62 ± .43	2.23 ± .55	2.85 ± .55	2.30 ± .57	2.75 ± .58	2.86 ± .53	2.35 ± .50
F	0.229	0.762	0.549	0.212	0.983	0.657	0.499
P value	0.795	0.467	0.578	0.809	0.375	0.519	0.607
Eta squared	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.001
Nationality
Chinese	2.74 ± 0.44	2.30 ± 0.61	2.98 ± 0.57	2.38 ± 0.60	2.92 ± 0.54	3.00 ± 0.52	2.53 ± 0.47
International	2.44 ± 0.42	2.21 ± 0.52	2.75 ± 0.55	2.24 ± 0.52	2.34 ± 0.47	2.68 ± 0.52	2.16 ± 0.43
P value	0.000	0.030	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
95% CI	0.24 ~ 0.36	0.01 ~ 0.17	0.15 ~ 0.31	0.06 ~ 0.23	0.51 ~ 0.66	0.15 ~ .25	0.30 ~ 0.43
Eta squared	0.113	0.006	0.037	0.015	0.257	.083	0.136