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. 2017 May 18;5:e3349. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3349

Table 2. Means and standard error (se) of heating rate (c*1,000; c in °C/s) and maximum temperature (asymptote; °C) during heating trials under laboratory conditions by seven taxa of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) according to sex and two sources of radiation. Figures are adjusted means after controlling for the influence of three covariates in the ANCOVA models of Tables 3 and 4.

The coefficient c has been multiplied by 1,000 in order to gain significant digits. IR: infrared radiation. SR: luminous radiation resembling the electromagnetic spectrum of sun radiation. N: number of different used individual beetles. All data refer to the internal temperature of dried specimens.

Taxa Sex n Source c*1,000 se Asymptote se
Canthon rutilans rutilans f 10 IR 16.3 1.43 27.4 0.96
Canthon rutilans rutilans f 10 SR 16.8 1.45 31.0 0.97
Canthon rutilans rutilans m 10 IR 15.8 1.52 27.4 1.01
Canthon rutilans rutilans m 10 SR 14.4 1.56 32.7 1.04
Coprophaneus saphirinus f 9 IR 16.3 1.30 28.2 0.87
Coprophaneus saphirinus f 9 SR 17.0 1.27 32.3 0.85
Coprophaneus saphirinus m 9 IR 15.5 1.17 28.7 0.78
Coprophaneus saphirinus m 9 SR 16.1 1.16 32.0 0.78
Deltochilum brasiliense f 9 IR 21.6 1.45 29.1 0.97
Deltochilum brasiliense f 9 SR 21.8 1.45 35.1 0.97
Deltochilum brasiliense m 7 IR 19.1 1.53 28.6 1.03
Deltochilum brasiliense m 7 SR 19.6 1.53 33.9 1.03
Dichotomius opalescens f 7 IR 15.3 1.32 27.7 0.88
Dichotomius opalescens f 7 SR 16.1 1.32 32.9 0.88
Dichotomius opalescens m 8 IR 17.0 1.30 27.2 0.87
Dichotomius opalescens m 8 SR 16.5 1.29 33.8 0.86
Dichotomius sericeus f 9 IR 21.7 1.09 27.6 0.73
Dichotomius sericeus f 9 SR 19.9 1.10 30.3 0.74
Dichotomius sericeus m 6 IR 22.7 1.43 28.2 0.96
Dichotomius sericeus m 6 SR 21.6 1.42 32.5 0.95
Homocopris sp. nov f 8 IR 16.2 1.14 28.1 0.76
Homocopris sp. nov f 8 SR 16.2 1.11 30.7 0.74
Homocopris sp. nov m 9 IR 17.8 1.07 28.0 0.71
Homocopris sp. nov m 9 SR 18.7 1.08 33.0 0.72
Phanaeus splendidulus f 10 IR 16.4 1.07 30.1 0.72
Phanaeus splendidulus f 10 SR 18.8 1.07 42.7 0.72
Phanaeus splendidulus m 10 IR 16.8 1.08 29.4 0.72
Phanaeus splendidulus m 10 SR 16.9 1.22 36.1 0.81