Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of PREVENT-DM Participants by Treatment Assignmenta
| Characteristic | Overall (n=92) |
ILI (n=33) |
Metformin (n=29) |
Standard care (n=30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 45.1 ± 12.5 | 45.5 ± 12.3 | 45.8 ± 11.7 | 44.0 ± 13.6 |
| Education, years | 9.7 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 3.5 | 9.5 ± 3.6 | 9.2 ± 3.7 |
| Household income, dollars | 15,527 ± 9,922 | 14,905 ± 7,518 | 17,315 ± 11,293 | 14,482 ± 10,894 |
| Foreign born, n (%) | 86 (93.5) | 30 (90.9) | 26 (89.7) | 30 (100) |
| Country/region of origin, n (%) | ||||
| U.S. | 6 (6.5) | 3 (9.1) | 3 (10.3) | 0 (0) |
| Mexico | 41 (44.6) | 14 (42.4) | 11 (37.9) | 16 (53.3) |
| Caribbean | 33 (35.9) | 12 (36.4) | 13 (44.8) | 8 (26.7) |
| South America | 7 (7.6) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (3.4) | 4 (13.3) |
| Central America | 5 (5.4) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (6.7) |
| Duration of U.S. residence, years | 18.2 ± 13.0 | 20.3 ± 13.3 | 17.8 ± 14.2 | 16.5 ± 11.7 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 65 (70.7) | 25 (75.8) | 21 (72.4) | 19 (63.3) |
| History of gestational diabetes, n (%) | 18 (19.6) | 9 (27.2) | 6 (20.7) | 3 (10.0) |
| Weight, kg | 81.3 ± 17.9 | 85.4 ± 23.0 | 79.7 ± 13.0 | 78.2 ± 15.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.3 ± 6.5 | 34.4 ± 7.9 | 33.2 ± 5.5 | 32.2 ± 5.7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 97.4 ± 11.1 | 101.4 ± 13.0 | 95.6 ± 9.1 | 94.9 ± 9.8 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 5.9 ± 0.3 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 96.1 ± 9.5 | 97.5 ± 7.5 | 94.6 ± 10.1 | 96.0 ± 10.7 |
| Fasting plasma insulin, μIU/mL | 10.4 ± 5.7 | 10.4 ± 5.8 | 10.6 ± 5.5 | 10.2 ± 6.0 |
| HOMA-IRb | 2.49 ± 1.44 | 2.52 ± 1.36 | 2.49 ± 1.43 | 2.45 ± 1.57 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 186.6 ± 37.0 | 192.8 ± 34.8 | 186.2 ± 43.6 | 180.3 ± 32.3 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 110.3 ± 32.3 | 114.3 ± 30.6 | 110.7 ± 38.8 | 105.6 ± 27.4 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 51.0 ± 12.2 | 49.5 ± 13.2 | 52.2 ± 10.7 | 51.3 ± 12.8 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 125.1 ± 56.9 | 144.6 ± 73.7 | 110.6 ± 30.5 | 117.6 ± 50.6 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119.6 ± 17.0 | 118.4 ± 13.9 | 122.2 ± 19.8 | 118.3 ± 17.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74.5 ± 9.6 | 74.5 ± 9.8 | 75.9 ± 10.2 | 73.3 ± 9.0 |
a
Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%).
b
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is calculated according to the following formula: [fasting insulin (μIU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5].
PREVENT-DM, Promotora Effectiveness Versus Metformin Trial; ILI, intensive lifestyle intervention; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein