Table 3.

Pairwise Comparisons of Selected Outcomes Between Treatment Groups^a

Outcome	Mean 12-month difference (95% CI) between groupsb p-valuec
	ILI vs. standard care	Metformin vs. standard care	ILI vs. metformin
Weight, kg	−4.8 (−7.3, −2.2) <0.001	−1.7 (−4.2, 0.9) 0.276	−3.1 (−5.7, −0.6) 0.013
Weight change, %d	−6.0 (−9.1, −2.8) <0.001	−2.1 (−5.2, 1.1) 0.261	−3.9 (−7.0, −0.7) 0.011
BMI, kg/m2	−2.0 (−3.0, −0.9) <0.001	−0.7 (−1.8, 0.4) 0.254	−1.2 (−2.3, −0.2) 0.018
Waist circumference, cm	−3.8 (−6.4, −1.3) 0.001	−1.7 (−4.2, 0.8) 0.259	−2.2 (−4.7, 0.3) 0.100
Hemoglobin A1c, %	−0.12 (−0.26, 0.02) 0.108	0.00 (−0.14, 0.14) 0.999	−0.12 (−0.26, 0.02) 0.106

^aComparisons of between-group mean differences in outcomes were conducted with post-hoc Tukey’s tests for multiple pairwise comparisons.

^bBetween-group differences in outcome measures are expressed as the mean 12-month change in one treatment arm minus the mean 12-month change in the other treatment arm.

^cp-values express the significance of pairwise comparisons in outcome measures between treatment groups. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

^dPercent weight change is based on the weight change from baseline to 12 months, determined using the following formula: [(12-month weight − baseline weight)/baseline weight × 100].

ILI, intensive lifestyle intervention