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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Nov 20;111:219–225. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.032

Figure 3.

Figure 3

HNE is involvement in mTOR signaling. HNE could conjugate and inhibit LKB1, thus inhibiting AMPK activity, and subsequently leading to the activation of mTORC1 and regulation of its downstream targets that are involved in aging processes. HNE could also either activate or inhibit mTORC1 through regulating AKT signaling as illustrated in Fig. 2. S6K, ribosome S6 kinase; 4E-BPs, translation initiation factor 4E-binding proteins; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha.