Figure 3.

Mode of action of lipid-based delivery systems designed for the efficient oral administration of phytochemicals. (A) Allowing paracellular transport by opening tight junction; (B) facilitating transcellular absorption due to increased membrane fluidity; (C) promotion of phagocytosis via specialized microfold cells (M cells) of Peyer's patches; (D) increased intracellular concentration and residence time by surfactants due to inhibition of P-gp and/or CYP450; (E) lipid stimulation of lipoprotein/chylomicron production.