Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants in the seven VBM studies (eight data sets) included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Patients with type 2 diabetes | Healthy controls | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (% female) | Mean age, year | Education year | Illness Duration, year | BMI kg/m2 | HbAlc% | MMSE | Comorbidity (number of patients) | No (% female) | Mean age, year | Education year | MRI | Quality scores (out of 7) | |
| Gold et al. | 23 (52.2) | 59.2 | 15.6 | 6 | 31.8 | 6.9 | NA | Dyslipidemia or hypertension | 23 (52.2) | 59.9 | 15.9 | 1.5T | 12.5 |
| Chen et al. | 16 (52.2) | 61.2 | NA | 13.2 | 25.7 | 8.4 | 26 | Hypertension (6) | 16 (52.2) | 59.8 | NA | 3T | 11.5 |
| Moran et al. | 350 (40.0) | 67.8 | 11.3 | 7 | 31.1 | 7.2 | NA | Ischemic heart disease (82), TIA or stroke(37), hyperlipidemia (167) | 363 (46.0) | 72.1 | 10.9 | 1.5T | 11 |
| Garcia-Casares et al. | 25 (32.0) | 60.0 | 18.3 | 11.25 | 28.6 | 6.67 | 28.8 | Hypertensive (11), dyslipidemia (11) | 25 (44.0) | 57.8 | 18.9 | 3T | 12 |
| Wang et al. | 23 (30.4) | 53.1 | 10.6 | 7 | 25.9 | 8.3 | 27.6 | Hypertensive (10), dyslipidemia (8), lacunar infarcts(2) | 23 (39.1) | 53.9 | 10.7 | 3T | 13 |
| Zhang et al.a | 25 (44.0) | 52.2 | 12.9 | 6.44 | 24.29 | 7.39 | 27.84 | NA | 29 (58.6) | 55.48 | 11.48 | 3T | 12 |
| Zhang et al.b | 28 (71.4) | 56.2 | 11.2 | 8.18 | 24.35 | 7.78 | 27.53 | Mild cognitive impairment | 29 (58.6) | 55.48 | 11.48 | 3T | 12 |
| Ying et al. | 40 (47.5) | 60.5 | 10.0 | 8.90 | 24.4 | 7.7 | 28.3 | Lacunar infarcts(9) | 41 (68.3) | 57.9 | 10.3 | 3T | 12 |
BMI, body mass index; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; TIA, transient ischemic attack; aSubgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes but without mild cognitive impairment. bSubgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid mild cognitive impairment.