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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2016 Nov 21;18(3):233–246. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.10.020

Table 3.

Dimension 1: Core Diagnostic Criteria for Pancreatic Cancer Pain

Criteria

  1. History of pancreatic cancer diagnosed using imaging, physical examination, and in some cases biopsy and laboratory analysis of blood or tissues for tumor markers

  2. Presence of pain in upper abdominal region (typically referred to the epigastric region or upper abdominal quadrants) spreading posteriorly and/or radiating to the back

  3. On clinical examination, the patient displays tenderness on upper abdominal palpation

  4. No other condition (eg, constipation) could plausibly account for persisting pain in the upper abdomen