Fig. 3. Lipid accumulation in adipocytes exposed to serum from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was greater than that in cells cultured in serum from the normal group. After primary human pre-adipocytes were cultured using serum from pregnant women with GDM and normal pregnant women for 24 hours, oil red O staining was performed. A representative experiment is shown. (A) Control group using fetal bovine serum culture medium. (B) Normal group using 5% serum from a normal pregnant woman. (C) GDM group using 5% serum from pregnant women with GDM. (D) Absorbance rate using spectrophotometer. Data are expressed as mean±standard deviation. ^*P<0.05: normal vs. GDM.