Table 3.

Factors Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape (n = 88 Lumbar Puncture Episodes)

Characteristic	CSF/Plasma Viral Escape		Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
	No (n = 78)	Yes (n = 10)	Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valuea	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valueb
Male sex, No. of LPs	59 (75.6)	7 (70.0)	0.8 (.2–3.2)	.70
No. of LPs by age, y
23–38	16 (20.5)	1 (10)	1	.46
39–44	21 (26.9)	3 (30)	2.3 (.2–25.2)
45–51	22 (28.2)	3 (30)	2.2 (.2–23.9)
52–80	19 (24.4)	3 (30)	2.5 (.2–28.1)
No. of LPs by presenting symptoms
Acute neurology	21 (27.6)	2 (20)	1	.45
Chronic symptoms of NCI	20 (26.3)	2 (20)	1.1 (.1–8.4)
Subacute neurological complaint (n/N = 86/88)	35 (46.1)	6 (60)	1.8 (.3–9.9)
Median nadir CD4, cells/µL (IQR) (n/N = 64/88)	152 (90–250)	230 (25–260)		.64c
No. of LPs by nadir CD4 category, cells/µL
0–99	15 (26.3)	2 (28)		.51
100–199	20 (35.1)	1 (14)
>200 (n/N = 64/88)	22 (38.6)	4 (57)
Median current CD4, cells/µL (IQR) n/N = (87/88)	520 (370–710)	470 (420–600)		.87c
On ART	75 (97.4)	10 (100)		…
CPE category, No. of LPs
Low	28 (36)	3 (30)	1	.38
Medium	32 (41)	3 (30)	0.9 (.2–4.8)
High	18 (23)	4 (40)	2.1 (.4–10.7)
Focal MRI white matter lesions (n/N = 28/76)	24 (36)	4 (40)	1.2 (.3–4.6)	.83
Diffuse white matter, No. of LPs
Nil	49 (74)	4 (40)	1	.003	1	.01
Subtle	15 (23)	3 (30)	2.5 (.5–12.5)		2.7 (.4–17.9)
Definite (n/N = 76/88)	3 (3)	3 (30)	18.4 (1.8–188.6)		56.9 (4.0–822.8)

Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated; no./No. are shown where there are missing data.

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; CPE, clinical penetration effectiveness score; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; IQR, interquartile range; LP, lumbar puncture; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NCI, neurocognitive impairment.

^aχ² test.

^bMultiple logistic regression.

^cWilcoxon rank-sum test.