Fig. 4.
(A) Cell viability: various concentrations of the macerated herbal oil (2.5 μL/mL, 1.25 μL/mL, 0.625 μL/mL, 0.313 μL/mL, and 0.156 μL/mL) were incubated with HMSCs (1 × 105 cells/well) for 48 h. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay and the %viability was compared to the control group (cells cultured in DMEM + DMSO). Only the 2.5 μL/mL concentration showed cytotoxic effect on the HMSCs (*P < 0.05). (B) Nitrite assay: the macerated herbal oil concentration 0.2 μL/mL was used in this study. Three groups of the cell cultures were designed to evaluate the NO production. The cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were incubated with oil, LPS, and oil + LPS for 24 h. The nitrite assay was performed with the Griess reagent. The nitrite concentrations in the culture medium were compared to the control group (cells cultured in DMEM + DMSO). The cells treated with LPS (2 μg/mL) showed increased nitrite accumulation in the culture medium and nitrite accumulation was decreased in the presence of the macerated herbal oil (*P < 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey post hoc).