Table 3.
Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in avian hosts confirmed by molecular analysis (Modified from Ryan and Xiao, 2014).
| Species name | Major host(s) | Site of infection | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| C. meleagridis | Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Indian ring-necked parrot (Psittacula kameri), Red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), Cocktails (Nymphicus hollandicus), Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulous), Rufousturle dove (Streptopelia orientalis), Fan-tailed pigeon (Columba livia), Chicken (Gallus gallus), Quails (Coturnixcoturnix japonica), Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica), European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), Red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) | Intestine | Morgan et al., 2000, Glaberman et al., 2001, Abe and Iseki, 2004, Abe and Makino, 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Qi et al., 2011, Berrilli et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Baroudi et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2014, Koompapong et al., 2014, Maca and Pavlasek, 2015, Reboredo-Fernández et al., 2015 |
| C. baileyi | Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Chicken (Gallus gallus), Brown squail (Synoicus australis), Cocktails (Nymphicus hollandicus), Whooping crane (Grus vipio), Grey-bellied bulbul (Pycnonotus spp.), Black vulture (Coragyps atratus), Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola), Mixed-bred falcons (Falcorusticolus x Falco cherrug), Reddy Shelduck (Tadornaferruginea), Red-billed leiothrixes (Leiothrix lutea), Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), Buffy-fronted seedeater (Sporophila frontalis), Javva sparrows (Padda oryzivora), Mynas (Acridotheres tristis), Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), Crested Lark (Galerida cristana), Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae), Black-billed magpie (Pica pica), Ostriches (Struthio camelus), Quails (Coturnixcoturnix japonica), Red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica), Red-crowned crane (Grus japonenis) | Cloaca, bursa, trachea | Morgan et al., 2001, Abe and Iseki, 2004, Ng et al., 2006, Huber et al., 2007, Kimura et al., 2004, Nakamura et al., 2009, Abe and Makino, 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Qi et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Baroudi et al., 2013, Baines et al., 2014, Hamidinejat et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Li et al., 2015c, Maca and Pavlasek, 2015 |
| C. galli | Chicken (Gallus gallus), Finches (Spermestidae and Fringillidae), Capercaille (Tetrao urogallu), Pine grosbeak (Pinicola enuncleator), Turqoise parrots (Neophema pulchella), Cuban flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber), Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Red-cowled cardinal (Paroaria dominicana), Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), Chocolate parson finches (Peophila cincta), Chesnut finches (Lonchura castaneothorax), Painted firetali finches (Ebmlema picta), Canaries (Serinus sp.), Glosters (Serinus canaria), Green-winged saltatros (Saltator similis), Slate-collard seedeater (Sporophila schistaceca), Great-billed seed-fench (Oryzoborus maximiliani), Ultermarine grosbeak (Cyanocompsa brissonii), Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulous), Silver-eared Mesia (Leiothrix argentauris), Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), Chopi blackbird (Gnorimopsar chopi), Green-winged saltator (Saltator similis), Rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) | Preventriculus | Ryan et al., 2003, Ng et al., 2006, Antunes et al., 2008, Nakamura et al., 2009, da Silva et al., 2010, Qi et al., 2011, Nakamura et al., 2014 |
| Avian genotype I | Red factor canary (Serinus canaria), Canary (S. canaria), Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) | – | Ng et al., 2006, Nakamura et al., 2009 |
| Avian genotype II | Eclectus (Eclectus roratus), Galah (Eolophus roseicapilla), Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), Major Mitchel Cockatoo (Cavcatua lead beater), Ostriches (Struthio camelus), White-eyed parakeet (Aratinga leucophthalma) | – | Meireles et al., 2006; Ng et al., 2006, Nakamura et al., 2009, Seva-Ada et al., 2011, Nguyen and Fukuda, 2013 |
| Avian genotype III | Galah (Eolophus roseicapilla), Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora), Son conure (Aratinga solstitialis), Peach faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), Seagull (Laridae sp), Blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestival), Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), Rufous-collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), Lovebird (Agapornis species), Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) | – | Ng et al., 2006, Nakamura et al., 2009, Makino et al., 2010, Koompapong et al., 2014, Nakamura et al., 2014, Ravich et al., 2014, Li et al., 2015c, Gomes et al., 2012 |
| Avian genotype IV | Japanese white-eye (Zosterops japonica) | – | Abe and Makino, 2010, Qi et al., 2011 |
| Avian genotype V | Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulates) | – | Abe and Makino, 2010, Qi et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2015 |
| Duck genotype | Black dock (Anus rubripes), Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Jellison et al., 2004, Zhou et al., 2004 |
| Eurasian woodcock genotype | Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) | – | Ryan et al., 2003, Ng et al., 2006 |
| Goose genotype I | Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Xiao et al., 2002b, Jellison et al., 2004, Zhou et al., 2004 |
| Goose genotype II | Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Jellison et al., 2004, Zhou et al., 2004 |
| Goose genotype III | Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Jellison et al., 2004 |
| Goose genotype IV | Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Jellison et al., 2004 |
| Goose genotype V | Canada geese (Branta canadensis) | – | Jellison et al., 2004 |