Table 2.
Evaluation of the association of influenza vaccination and birth outcomes among pregnant women by trimester of vaccination (n = 3268), post-partum interview, July–December 2014, Managua Province, Nicaragua.
| Birth outcomes | Influenza vaccine 2014 season | Influenza vaccine 2014 season | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) | Propensity score Model (PSM)† + MLRǂ n = 1600 × 1000 simulations¥ | |||
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |||
| Small for gestational age (SGAi) | 1.03* | (0.82; 1.31) | 1.02 | (0.83; 1.24) |
| Preterm birth (PTB) | 0.95** | (0.75; 1.20) | 0.88 | (0.73; 1.06) |
| Low birth weight (LBW) | 0.89*** | (0.66; 1.22) | 0.83 | (0.62; 1.06) |
aOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio.
Model adjusted for reporting at least one chronic condition (obesity, diabetes, asthma, renal disease, liver disease, blood disease, neurologic disease), age, race, calcium, iron, and folic acid consumption during pregnancy, education level, number of parturitions, body mass index (BMI) at first antenatal visit, and sex of the baby.
Model adjusted for reporting at least one chronic condition (obesity, diabetes, asthma, renal disease, liver disease, blood disease, neurologic disease), age, albendazol and aspirin consumption during pregnancy, hospitalization during pregnancy for any specific complication (preeclampsia, eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, urinary infection, diabetes, severe acute respiratory infection), delivery hospital, number of parturitions, body mass index (BMI) at first antenatal visit, alcohol consumption before pregnancy, number of antenatal visits, and sex of the baby.
Model adjusted for delivery hospital, number of parturitions, education level, alcohol consumption before pregnancy, hospitalization during pregnancy for any specific complication (preeclampsia, eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, urinary infection, diabetes, severe acute respiratory infection), body mass index (BMI) at first antenatal visit, sex of the baby, and number of antenatal visits.
Propensity Score Models adjusted for age, race, education level, type of fuel used for cooking, number of people in the household, reporting receiving at least one tetanus vaccine, number of antenatal visits, Fe and vitamin B12 consumption during pregnancy, albendazol consumption during pregnancy, calcium consumption during pregnancy, aspirin consumption during pregnancy, alcohol consumption before pregnancy, body mass index (BMI) at first antenatal visit, number of parturitions, and reporting at least one chronic condition (obesity, diabetes, asthma, renal disease, liver disease, blood disease, neurologic disease).
Models adjusted for delivery hospital, hospitalization during pregnancy for any specific complication (preeclampsia, eclampsia, hemorrhage, sepsis, urinary infection, diabetes, severe acute respiratory infection), reporting at least one episode of influenza-like illness during pregnancy (ILI), alcohol consumption before pregnancy, number of parturitions, sex of the baby, and influenza circulation.
Based on 1000 simulations when requirement one-to-two vaccinated-to-unvaccinated proportion for good propensity score matching was not met; point estimate and lower and upper confidence interval represent 50th, 25th and 97.5th percentiles of point estimates (n = 1000), respectively.