. 2017 May 22;12(5):e0178033. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178033

Table 1. Prevalence of HR-HPV infection with respect to LGTIs.

Variable	No. ^a	HR-HPV(-)	HR-HPV (+)	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Total LGTIs
Negative^b	504	471(93.5)	33(6.5)	1.512(0.942–2.425)	0.085
Positive^c	449	406(90.4)	43(9.6)	1.512(0.942–2.425)	0.085
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Negative	918	844(91.9)	74(8.1)	0.691(0.163–2.938)	0.615
Positive	35	33(94.3)	2(5.7)	0.691(0.163–2.938)	0.615
Bacterial vaginosis
Negative	854	796(93.2%)	58(6.8)	3.013(1.694–5.357)	<0.0001^d
Positive	100	82(82.0)	18(18.0)	3.013(1.694–5.357)	<0.0001^d
*Trichomonas vaginalis*
Negative	938	865(92.2)	73(7.8)	2.734(0.762–9.914)	0.108
Positive	16	13(81.2)	3(18.8)	2.734(0.762–9.914)	0.108
*Chlamydia trachomatis*
Negative	932	860(92.3)	72(7.7)	2.810(0.921–8.574)	0.058
Positive	21	17(81.0)	4(19.0)	2.810(0.921–8.574)	0.058
*Ureaplasma urealyticum*
Negative	615	568(92.4)	47(7.6)	1.134(0.700–1.839)	0.619
Positive	338	309(91.4)	29(8.6)	1.134(0.700–1.839)	0.619

^a one participant in 954 women with the laboratory results of vaginal swab specimens missed the data of Candida, Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

^b Negative for all STD-causing micro-organisms.

^c Positive for any STD-causing micro-organisms including multiple infections.

^d P < 0.0001 (Chi-square tests).

Values are presented as number (% of row).

HR-HPV: high-risk human papillomavirus; LGTI: lower genital tract infections; OR = Odds Ratio for presence of pathogens in HR-HPV positive compared with HPV negative women; STD: sexually transmitted diseases.