FIG. 7.

DKO of Bax and Bak protects against starvation-induced cell death exacerbated by autophagy inhibition. Wild-type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblasts or Bax and Bak DKO (Bax^−/− Bak^−/−) fibroblasts were cultured in CM or NF and incubated with 3-MA, Baf A1, monensin (Mon), or HCQ for 24 h and then stained with a low concentration of DiOC₆(3) (A) or a high concentration of PI (B), followed by cytofluorometric analysis (x ± SEM; n = 3). Alternatively, cells were stained with CMFDA and Hoechst 333234 and observed under fluorescence microscopy. Representative images for monensin- and HCQ-treated cells (in CM or NF) are shown. CO, control.