Table 5.

Change in Performance on Measures of Access, Preventable Hospitalizations, and Low-Value Care in Oregon and Colorado Medicaid Groups

	Trends			Difference-in-Differences
Metric	Oregon Medicaid			Colorado Medicaid			Changes in Oregon Medicaid compared to Changes in Colorado Medicaid † (95% CI)
	2011	2013–14	Change	2011	2013–2014	Change	Average 2-year effect	Year 1 (2013) effect	Year 2 (2014) effect
Access Metrics
Child Access to PCP 1–6 years	90.2	84.0	−6.2	91.2	84.2	−7.0	0.4 (−0.5, 1.3)	0.1 (−0.9, 1.1)	0.7 (−0.4, 1.8)
Well Child Visits 3–6	60.4	57.5	−2.9	65.7	59.2	−6.5	2.7* (1.2, 4.2)	2.5* (1.0, 4.0)	2.8* (1.1, 4.6)
Adolescent Well Care Visits	27.1	27.2	0.1	39.8	33.8	−6.0	6.8* (5.2, 8.3)	5.2* (3.6, 6.8)	8.4* (6.6, 10.1)
Adult Access to Preventive Ambulatory Care, 20–44	83.1	81.0	−2.1	86.5	81.1	−5.4	1.3* (0.3, 2.2)	1.9* (0.9, 2.8)	0.7 (0.0, 1.8)
Outcomes
Avoidable ED visits	12.3	10.2	−2.1	14.2	15.3	1.1	−1.8* (−3.1, −0.4)	−1.4* (−2.7, −0.1)	−2.2* (−3.6, −0.8)
PQI Overall (Rates per 1000)	7.2	7.6	0.4	5.0	8.1	3.1	−1.4 (−3.0, 0.2)	−2.6* (−4.8, −0.4)	−0.2 (−1.9, 1.4)
PQI Acute	2.8	2.6	−0.2	2.5	3.5	1.0	−1.0* (−1.6, −0.4)	−1.8* (−2.8, −0.8)	−0.2 (−1.0, 0.6)
PQI Chronic	4.4	5.0	0.6	2.5	4.6	2.1	−0.4 (−1.7, 0.9)	−0.8 (−2.6, 1.0)	0.0 (−1.4, 1.3)
Low-Value/Appropriateness of Care
Appropriate Medications for Individuals with Asthma	74.0	69.9	−4.1	73.4	72.1	−1.3	−2.7 (−5.6, 0.2)	−3.1 (−6.9, 0.1)	−2.3 (−5.0, 0.0)
Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis	61.9	63.2	1.3	39.0	37.9	−1.1	4.0 (−0.7, 8.7)	2.8 (−2.7, 8.2)	5.3* (0.1, 10.5)
Appropriate Use of Imaging Studies for Low Back Pain	78.9	77.9	−1.0	73.7	76.2	2.5	−2.9 (−6.1, 0.4)	−2.2 (−5.7, 1.3)	−3.6* (−7.1, −0.01)
Avoidance of Head Imaging for Uncomplicated Headache	15.9	16.2	0.3	18.5	17.0	−1.5	2.6* (1.4, 3.8)	1.3* (0.1, 2.6)1.3	3.8* (1.9, 5.7)

^†Adjusted difference based on propensity score weighted difference-in-differences regression model;

^*Statistically significant at P<0.05