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. 2017 May 6;15:306–314. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.028

Table 3.

Clinical and demographic information about participants with FND from clinical assessment.

Socioeconomic status of the family Number (n = 25) Percentage
Professional 12 48%
White collar 5 20%
Blue collar 5 20%
Unemployed 3 12%



Diagnoses and comorbid symptoms
Anxiety disorder (DSM-IV-TR) 7 28%
Depressive disorder (DSM-IV-TR) 6 24%
Mixed anxiety and depression (DSM-IV-TR) 5 20%
Amnesia 7 28%
Pain 21 84%
Dizziness 14 56%
Comorbid fatigue 13 52%
Breathlessness 8 33%
Nausea 11 44%



Antecedent life events (maltreatment-related events are denoted by an asterisk (*))
Child physical illness 15 60%
Family conflict 13 52%
Maternal mental illness 12 48%
Bullying 11 44%
Loss via separation from a loved one or a close friend 9 36%
Loss via death of a loved one 7 28%
Paternal physical illness 7 28%
Exposure to domestic violence* 6 24%
Emotional abuse by a parent (rejection or terrorization)* 6 24%
Maternal physical illness 5 20%
Physical abuse* 5 20%
Paternal mental illness 4 16%
Sexual abuse* 3 12%
Neglect* 1 4%



Intelligence quota estimated from school testing and school reports
Superior range (120 +) 6 24%
Average range (80–119) 18 72%
Borderline range (70–79) 1 4%



Assessments of attachment Number 22 Percentage
Pattern of attachment
 Normative (Type A1–2; Type B and Type C1–2) 1 0.5%
 Type A + (Type A3–4; Type A3–4 (5–6); Type A5–6) 8 36%
 Type C + (Type C3–4; Type C3–4 (5–6); Type C5–6) 8 36%
 A/C 5 22.5%
Linguistic markers of unresolved loss or trauma 11 50%
 Rejection/abandonment by attachment figures 4
 Parental conflict or threats/violence from attachment figures 4
 Medical trauma 3
 Adverse interactions with friends 1