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. 2017 May 22;7:2233. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02351-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative histological images of the distal thighbone and morphometric parameters of distal femoral metaphysis. (A) Histological images from the control (C12; b–d), A6 (f–h), A12 (j–l), and A6P6 (n–p) groups are shown. For the CKD-HP groups, images from A6P6 mice are shown, with the greatest evidence of the characteristic changes in the CKD-HP groups. Although changes in the morphology of the diaphysis and irregularity of cortical bones was evident in all CKD groups (e–p), these changes were particularly strong among CKD-HP mice (m–p), with evidence of some cortical regions replaced by loose tissues (n,o; asterisk, *). Scale bar, 1000 μm. (B) Morphometric parameters (BV/TV, BMD, CMD, and CMV) were calculated through analysis of CT images, to identify most depressed morphometric parameters in the CKD-HP groups. CT, computed tomography; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; EMG, elastica Masson-Goldner; TB, toluidine blue; BV/TV, bone volume/tissue volume; BMD, bone mineral density; CMD, cortical mineral density; CMV, cortical mineral volume. The data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 5); *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus C12; ^# P < 0.05 and ^## P < 0.01 versus A6; ^δδ P < 0.01 versus A12; all P-values are evaluated by non-repeated measures ANOVA.