Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Men (n = 430) | Women (n = 343) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50 (39; 61) | 50 (41; 59) | 0.84 |
| Smoking (%) | <0.01 | ||
| never smokers | 31.6 | 49.0 | |
| former smokers | 45.1 | 26.0 | |
| current smokers | 23.3 | 25.0 | |
| Physically inactive (%) | 27.0 | 27.7 | 0.82 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 8.6 (3.1; 18.4) | 2.6 (0.7; 5.8) | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94 (86; 102) | 82 (75; 90) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension (%) | 44.0 | 35.0 | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.3 (4.6; 6.1) | 5.5 (4.9; 6.3) | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.27 (1.10; 1.48) | 1.54 (1.32; 1.79) | <0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.31 (0.92; 1.91) | 1.09 (0.78; 1.59) | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mmHG) | 130.5 (121.0; 140.5) | 116.5 (108.0; 128.0) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHG) | 78.8 (72.5; 85.0) | 75.0 (68.5; 80.0) | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2 (4.9; 5.5) | 5.2 (4.8; 5.5) | 0.03 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.4 (5.1; 5.8) | 5.2 (4.9; 5.6) | <0.01 |
| Number of MetS Components (%): | <0.01 | ||
| 1 | 19.3 | 30.6 | |
| 2 | 28.4 | 27.1 | |
| 3 | 21.6 | 22.5 | |
| 4 | 6.7 | 3.2 | |
| ALT (µkatal/L) | 0.47 (0.35; 0.65) | 0.31 (0.25; 0.43) | <0.01 |
| GGT (µkatal/L) | 0.60 (0.45; 0.86) | 0.43 (0.36; 0.54) | <0.01 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.72 m²) | 90.9 (81.6; 104.2) | 88.4 (75.6; 102.5) | 0.03 |
| Testosterone (nmol/l) | 17.30 (14.26; 20.53) | 0.83 (0.64; 1.06) | <0.01 |
| Androstenedione (nmol/l) | 2.80 (2.18; 3.72) | 2.48 (1.85; 3.60) | <0.01 |
| DHEAS (mg/l) | 1.71 (1.01; 2.52) | 1.09 (0.70; 1.54) | <0.01 |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 35.8 (28.5; 45.8) | 53.8 (41.4; 73.9) | <0.01 |
HDL = high density lipoprotein; BP = blood pressure; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; GGT = γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; DHEAS = dehydroepiandrosterone–sulfate; SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin; Continuous data are expressed as median (25th percentile; 75th percentile); nominal data are given as percentages. *χ2-test (nominal data) or Mann-Whitney test (interval data) were performed; To convert the values of testosterone from nanomoles per liter to nanograms per deciliter, multiply by 28.82.