Table 3.
Acute neurological symptoms and risk factors as predictors of PRES: univariable and multivariable logistic regressions
| Variable symptoms | Univariable associations | Multivariable associations | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | AUC (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Epileptic seizures | 7.48 (3.48; 16.06) | <0.0001 | 0.72 (0.63; 0.80) | 6.93 (2.86; 16.79) | <0.0001 |
| Encephalopathy | 3.40 (1.64; 7.02) | 0.0010 | 0.64 (0.56; 0.73) | 3.35 (1.36; 8.25) | 0.0085 |
| Focal neurological deficits | 1.60 (0.78; 3.29) | 0.2001 | 0.56 (0.47; 0.64) | – | – |
| Headache | 0.70 (0.33; 1.46) | 0.3369 | 0.54 (0.46; 0.63) | – | – |
| Visual disturbances | 1.37 (0.65; 2.88) | 0.4149 | 0.53 (0.45; 0.62) | 2.62 (1.02; 6.75) | 0.0457 |
| Increasing number of symptoms | 3.17 (1.99; 5.05) | <0.0001 | 0.75 (0.67; 0.83) | ||
| Risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 4.68 (1.86; 11.76) | 0.0010 | 0.66 (0.59; 0.73) | 5.89 (2.07; 16.77) | 0.0009 |
| Chemotherapy | 2.66 (1.20; 5.90) | 0.0163 | 0.59 (0.51; 0.67) | 3.04 (1.14; 8.12) | 0.0265 |
| Renal failure | 2.09 (1.02; 4.26) | 0.0435 | 0.59 (0.50; 0.68) | – | – |
| Immune suppression | 0.56 (0.26; 1.20) | 0.1329 | 0.57 (0.48; 0.65) | – | – |
| Pre-eclampsia | ND | 0.0519 | 0.53 (0.51; 0.54) | – | – |
| Autoimmune disorders | 1.22 (0.46; 3.23) | 0.6841 | 0.51 (0.45; 0.58) | – | – |
| Increasing number of risk factors | 1.82 (1.23; 2.68) | 0.0025 | 0.65 (0.55; 0.74) | ||
The optimism-corrected AUC of the multivariable prediction model based on the advanced bootstrap equals 0.792. ND: odds ratio is not defined due to the absence of patients with PRES in the pre-eclampsia group
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, AUC area under the operating characteristic curve