Fig. 1.
The anti-metastatic role of fluvastatin in vitro and in vivo.
(A) The effect of fluvastatin (Flu) on migration of SPC-A-1 and A549. Migration was measured by wound-healing assay. Left graph, representative images of different post-wound time points (0, 6, 12, or 24 h); right graph, quantification of wound-healing data. Wound healing rate (%) = (initial wound area − non-healing area)/initial wound area. Scale bar, 200 μm. (B) Matrigel invasive assay of SPC-A-1 and A549 cells (6–24 h). Migratory cells were counted in 10 non-overlapping areas using Stereologer. Flu, 10 μM. (C) Representative images of anti-metastatic role of fluvastatin in vivo. Mice (n = 6 per group) were injected with 5 × 106 luciferase-transfected SPC-A-1 cells. On the 7th day, mice were injected with Flu (50 mg/kg), denosumab (Dmab, 120 mg/kg) or normal saline every day for 3 weeks. Tumor metastases are shown by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) (left), and bone lesions of hind limbs were detected by X-ray (middle) and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining (right). Tumor cells in H&E staining images can be identified by deep purple color and irregular nuclear shape. Bone lesions are shown with white arrows. Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Quantification of X-ray lesion areas (n = 6 per group). (E) Quantification of BLI data. Bioluminescence was measured by mean photon counts per second per cm2 (n = 6 per group). *p < 0.05 (compared with the control groups).