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. 2017 May 15;8:15230. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15230

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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LTM requires reinforcement from ∼13 dopaminergic PAM-β′1 neurons that innervate a restricted zone of the MB β′ lobe. This is different from the STM-reinforcing dopaminergic neurons (PAM-γ4) that innervate the MB γ lobe. After association, the LTM consolidation requires the synaptic output in α′β′ neurons, whereas the LTM retrieval requires the output in αβ and γ neurons. Finally, the LTM is read out from the αβ and γ neurons via cholinergic MB-V3 neurons and glutamatergic MB-M6 neurons, respectively.