Table 2.
Expected health spending by source in 2040
|
2014 |
2040 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending as share of total (%) | Prepaid private spending as share of total (%) | Out-of-pocket spending as share of total (%) | Development assistance for health as share of total (%) | Government spending as share of total (%) | Prepaid private spending as share of total (%) | Out-of-pocket spending as share of total (%) | Development assistance for health as share of total (%) | |
| Global | ||||||||
| Total | 59·2% | 17·4% | 22·8% | 0·6% | 65·3% (58·7–72·3) | 12·9% (10·1–16·0) | 21·4% (16·5–26·2) | 0·4% (0·1–0·9) |
| Income level | ||||||||
| High income | 63·4% | 22·7% | 13·9% | 0% | 65·5% (62·0–68·5) | 22·0% (19·7–25·2) | 12·5% (11·2–13·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Upper-middle income | 57·2% | 8·7% | 33·8% | 0·3% | 71·2% (59·3–82·6) | 6·4% (3·9–9·6) | 22·3% (12·8–32·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) |
| Lower-middle income | 35·9% | 3·1% | 58% | 3% | 45·6% (38·5–54·5) | 2·7% (2·2–3·2) | 50·5% (42·1–57·2) | 1·2% (0·4–2·7) |
| Low income | 18% | 17·2% | 29·1% | 35·7% | 29·4% (20·8–38·3) | 14·4% (10·4–18·1) | 29·9% (21·9–37·0) | 26·3% (12·1–44·9) |
| GBD super region | ||||||||
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 58·5% | 2·8% | 38·5% | 0·3% | 62·5% (57·7–65·8) | 3·2% (2·7–4·2) | 34·1% (31·0–39·1) | 0·2% (0·0–0·5) |
| Global Burden of Disease high income | 62·8% | 23·4% | 13·8% | 0% | 64·8% (61·2–67·9) | 22·8% (20·4–26·0) | 12·5% (11·2–13·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 51·6% | 16·1% | 31·7% | 0·7% | 59·6% (52·1–67·4) | 14·7% (11·3–19·1) | 25·5% (20·3–30·9) | 0·2% (0·1–0·5) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 60·1% | 4·3% | 34·9% | 0·7% | 63·9% (58·6–70·5) | 3·9% (3·1–4·8) | 31·6% (25·7–36·6) | 0·6% (0·2–1·4) |
| South Asia | 31% | 2·6% | 64·7% | 1·7% | 43·5% (33·0–56·6) | 2·1% (1·5–2·5) | 54·0% (41·5–64·1) | 0·4% (0·1–1·1) |
| Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania | 58·6% | 5·2% | 35·7% | 0·5% | 73·2% (58·8–85·7) | 4·9% (2·7–8·1) | 21·8% (11·0–35·1) | 0·1% (0·0–0·2) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 33·5% | 20·8% | 29·2% | 16·6% | 39·0% (32·0–45·4) | 15·5% (12·7–18·0) | 31·1% (25·6–36·3) | 14·4% (5·9–27·3) |
| Country | ||||||||
| Afghanistan | 15% | 0% | 54·1% | 30·9% | 19·1% (9·0–43·0) | 0·5% (0·3–0·9) | 50·2% (30·7–65·9) | 30·1% (15·1–53·4) |
| Albania | 48·3% | 0% | 49·8% | 1·9% | 58·1% (49·4–68·0) | 0·8% (0·6–1·0) | 41·0% (31·2–49·6) | 0·1% (0·0–1·2) |
| Algeria | 72·7% | 0·7% | 26·5% | 0% | 80·7% (72·4–89·0) | 0·6% (0·3–1·0) | 18·7% (10·6–26·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) |
| Andorra | 78% | 6% | 15·9% | 0% | 78·5% (69·5–84·4) | 6·5% (4·5–9·9) | 15·0% (10·5–21·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Angola | 70% | 0% | 26·6% | 3·4% | 61·9% (32·3–76·0) | 2·3% (1·5–4·4) | 32·7% (19·8–59·5) | 3·1% (0·7–8·5) |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 68·3% | 8% | 23·7% | 0% | 77·6% (68·9–85·4) | 6·4% (4·1–9·4) | 16·0% (10·1–23·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Argentina | 55·8% | 13·2% | 30·9% | 0% | 65·0% (53·6–79·7) | 11·3% (6·5–16·3) | 23·7% (13·3–33·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Armenia | 40·6% | 3% | 52·8% | 3·6% | 52·8% (40·1–71·7) | 3·3% (1·9–5·3) | 42·3% (25·0–54·7) | 1·5% (0·0–6·0) |
| Australia | 70·4% | 9·9% | 19·7% | 0% | 72·0% (66·7–76·7) | 9·8% (7·8–12·7) | 18·2% (14·8–23·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Austria | 78% | 5·8% | 16·2% | 0% | 79·3% (76·0–82·6) | 5·7% (4·6–8·1) | 15·0% (12·4–17·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Azerbaijan | 20·9% | 4·3% | 74·2% | 0·6% | 26·5% (18·1–39·1) | 4·1% (3·0–5·8) | 69·4% (57·2–77·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Bahrain | 65·3% | 10·6% | 24·1% | 0% | 71·8% (64·1–81·2) | 9·9% (6·3–14·3) | 18·3% (12·1–24·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Bangladesh | 22·7% | 0% | 65·6% | 11·7% | 30·2% (21·3–42·6) | 1·8% (1·4–2·4) | 63·6% (51·0–73·1) | 4·5% (0·8–11·6) |
| Barbados | 63·5% | 6·6% | 29·9% | 0% | 69·2% (60·0–77·1) | 6·1% (4·3–8·8) | 24·7% (17·7–33·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Belarus | 66·9% | 0·1% | 32·6% | 0·4% | 68·2% (55·0–79·0) | 0·8% (0·5–1·3) | 31·0% (20·3–44·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Belgium | 77·9% | 4·3% | 17·8% | 0% | 79·9% (76·6–83·6) | 4·1% (3·2–5·2) | 16·1% (12·9–18·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Belize | 64·7% | 9·5% | 23% | 2·9% | 68·2% (61·2–74·8) | 9·7% (7·3–13·1) | 19·8% (15·2–24·7) | 2·3% (0·5–5·7) |
| Benin | 35% | 0% | 35·5% | 29·6% | 56·1% (39·3–73·7) | 1·2% (0·6–2·0) | 25·7% (15·6–36·3) | 16·9% (6·0–34·4) |
| Bhutan | 70·7% | 0% | 25·1% | 4·2% | 76·0% (58·4–88·1) | 1·6% (0·8–2·7) | 22·2% (10·7–39·0) | 0·2% (0·0–1·9) |
| Bolivia | 70·2% | 3·4% | 23·1% | 3·3% | 77·5% (70·1–84·2) | 2·9% (1·8–4·6) | 18·2% (12·4–24·6) | 1·5% (0·4–3·6) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 70% | 0% | 28% | 2% | 78·8% (70·6–86·4) | 0·5% (0·3–0·6) | 20·4% (12·9–28·2) | 0·4% (0·0–2·3) |
| Botswana | 49·9% | 35% | 5·1% | 10% | 60·7% (49·2–72·1) | 34·5% (24·2–45·2) | 4·2% (2·9–5·7) | 0·6% (0·0–7·0) |
| Brazil | 45·9% | 28·5% | 25·5% | 0·1% | 56·1% (44·4–68·3) | 24·8% (17·5–33·0) | 19·1% (13·0–26·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) |
| Brunei | 93·9% | 0·1% | 6% | 0% | 94·0% (89·4–97·0) | 1·4% (0·8–2·1) | 4·6% (2·1–8·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Bulgaria | 54·7% | 0·9% | 44·3% | 0·2% | 61·1% (49·5–75·1) | 0·7% (0·4–1·3) | 38·3% (24·4–49·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Burkina Faso | 35·8% | 0% | 38·6% | 25·6% | 40·5% (28·9–50·5) | 1·1% (0·7–1·7) | 38·1% (27·5–48·9) | 20·3% (7·9–38·7) |
| Burundi | 23·7% | 0% | 19·1% | 57·2% | 36·2% (17·2–55·4) | 0·8% (0·4–1·4) | 16·9% (8·9–26·8) | 46·1% (23·0–71·0) |
| Cambodia | 14·2% | 0% | 65·4% | 20·4% | 25·0% (15·1–34·8) | 1·0% (0·7–1·5) | 67·3% (56·9–77·7) | 6·7% (1·6–16·5) |
| Cameroon | 17% | 3·5% | 68·5% | 10·9% | 24·9% (16·1–37·7) | 3·4% (2·5–4·8) | 63·4% (51·0–73·8) | 8·3% (2·9–17·8) |
| Canada | 72·1% | 14·1% | 13·8% | 0% | 74·8% (71·5–79·1) | 12·9% (10·7–14·8) | 12·3% (9·6–14·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Cape Verde | 58·4% | 0·1% | 22·2% | 19·2% | 68·4% (52·9–80·4) | 1·2% (0·7–2·0) | 21·9% (14·1–31·4) | 8·6% (1·2–21·4) |
| Central African Republic | 9% | 0% | 34·2% | 56·7% | 10·1% (2·9–20·1) | 0·5% (0·1–1·0) | 18·4% (5·8–36·2) | 71·0% (44·8–90·7) |
| Chad | 48·5% | 1·3% | 37·2% | 12·9% | 51·0% (20·7–71·8) | 1·6% (0·8–2·8) | 36·0% (20·2–60·4) | 11·5% (3·3–26·6) |
| Chile | 49·5% | 19% | 31·5% | 0% | 57·1% (45·8–67·0) | 16·0% (12·1–20·7) | 26·8% (20·1–34·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| China | 60·3% | 5% | 34·6% | 0% | 74·7% (59·1–87·5) | 4·9% (2·6–8·3) | 20·4% (9·3–34·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Colombia | 71·9% | 9·5% | 15·3% | 3·2% | 77·8% (67·8–86·7) | 10·4% (6·0–15·9) | 11·7% (6·5–17·6) | 0·1% (0·0–1·5) |
| Comoros | 22·1% | 20·1% | 42·8% | 14·9% | 26·0% (14·2–43·2) | 16·4% (11·4–22·1) | 38·6% (25·3–52·3) | 19·0% (6·6–39·8) |
| Congo (Brazzaville) | 80·7% | 0·3% | 17·4% | 1·7% | 84·5% (77·2–89·6) | 0·7% (0·5–1·1) | 13·5% (8·9–20·5) | 1·2% (0·4–3·1) |
| Costa Rica | 73·1% | 1·8% | 25% | 0% | 73·5% (63·8–81·4) | 1·8% (1·3–2·6) | 24·6% (17·1–33·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 22·1% | 8·2% | 54·6% | 15·1% | 30·5% (22·4–40·6) | 8·3% (6·2–10·9) | 50·3% (41·2–58·7) | 10·9% (3·7–22·9) |
| Croatia | 81·9% | 6·9% | 11·2% | 0% | 81·9% (77·8–84·9) | 7·5% (6·1–10·2) | 10·7% (8·0–14·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Cuba | 95·5% | 0% | 4·4% | 0·2% | 95·4% (93·1–97·1) | 0·4% (0·3–0·6) | 4·1% (2·6–6·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·2) |
| Cyprus | 46% | 4·4% | 49·6% | 0% | 54·2% (45·6–64·5) | 4·3% (3·0–6·2) | 41·4% (32·0–49·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Czech Republic | 84·8% | 0·8% | 14·4% | 0% | 85·1% (81·7–88·3) | 0·9% (0·7–1·5) | 14·0% (10·9–17·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| DR Congo | 21·3% | 0% | 37·4% | 41·3% | 33·6% (18·8–53·0) | 1·0% (0·6–1·7) | 35·5% (21·0–50·8) | 29·9% (11·9–53·6) |
| Denmark | 84·8% | 1·9% | 13·4% | 0% | 84·3% (80·1–87·5) | 2·2% (1·7–3·3) | 13·4% (10·5–17·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Djibouti | 58·3% | 0% | 34·6% | 7·1% | 67·6% (54·9–81·4) | 0·3% (0·2–0·5) | 27·3% (15·7–38·4) | 4·8% (1·4–11·4) |
| Dominica | 68·7% | 3% | 28·3% | 0% | 73·0% (64·4–80·7) | 2·7% (1·8–4·1) | 24·3% (17·1–32·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) |
| Dominican Republic | 63·4% | 11·4% | 21% | 4·2% | 74·0% (63·3–82·7) | 11·1% (7·3–16·5) | 14·9% (8·6–22·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Ecuador | 48·8% | 2·2% | 48·5% | 0·5% | 53·1% (42·1–63·7) | 2·0% (1·4–3·0) | 44·6% (34·3–55·4) | 0·3% (0·0–0·8) |
| Egypt | 39·9% | 1·5% | 58·3% | 0·2% | 39·5% (33·5–49·5) | 1·7% (1·2–2·5) | 58·8% (49·0–64·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·2) |
| El Salvador | 64·7% | 4·9% | 28·8% | 1·6% | 73·8% (63·5–84·5) | 4·8% (2·7–7·6) | 20·7% (11·8–29·8) | 0·6% (0·0–2·1) |
| Equatorial Guinea | 79·2% | 0% | 20·7% | 0·1% | 77·1% (65·6–84·4) | 1·4% (1·0–1·9) | 21·5% (14·5–33·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Eritrea | 23·4% | 0% | 35·2% | 41·4% | 26·4% (12·4–42·3) | 1·1% (0·7–1·7) | 35·5% (21·5–50·9) | 37·1% (16·6–61·2) |
| Estonia | 79% | 0·3% | 20·8% | 0% | 82·1% (74·5–88·6) | 0·6% (0·4–0·8) | 17·3% (10·9–24·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Ethiopia | 26·9% | 0% | 28·4% | 44·7% | 38·8% (24·2–53·2) | 1·3% (0·7–2·0) | 31·9% (19·6–43·9) | 28·0% (9·6–52·3) |
| Federated States of Micronesia | 0% | 0% | 7·7% | 92·3% | 8·3% (2·4–19·4) | 0·3% (0·1–0·7) | 7·9% (2·9–16·9) | 83·5% (64·6–94·3) |
| Fiji | 63·8% | 7·5% | 23% | 5·7% | 64·2% (57·0–69·8) | 8·2% (6·4–10·7) | 22·6% (18·3–29·5) | 4·9% (1·2–12·0) |
| Finland | 78% | 3·1% | 18·9% | 0% | 79·2% (76·5–82·0) | 3·1% (2·6–4·0) | 17·7% (15·0–20·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| France | 79·9% | 13·6% | 6·5% | 0% | 80·0% (76·2–83·5) | 14·2% (11·4–17·8) | 5·9% (4·5–7·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Gabon | 67·4% | 8·8% | 22% | 1·8% | 81·0% (72·9–87·8) | 5·3% (3·3–8·3) | 13·3% (8·1–20·0) | 0·4% (0·0–2·2) |
| Georgia | 19·4% | 18·9% | 59·1% | 2·6% | 23·4% (15·5–36·1) | 31·8% (20·8–40·9) | 43·4% (33·4–54·3) | 1·4% (0·0–4·9) |
| Germany | 77·3% | 9·4% | 13·3% | 0% | 79·8% (75·8–83·2) | 8·3% (6·8–10·0) | 12·0% (9·7–14·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Ghana | 52·8% | 3·1% | 27·1% | 17% | 61·1% (47·5–72·6) | 3·1% (2·1–4·9) | 25·6% (18·0–35·2) | 10·2% (3·4–21·5) |
| Greece | 61·7% | 3·4% | 34·9% | 0% | 63·4% (56·8–72·4) | 3·9% (2·8–5·7) | 32·7% (24·6–38·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Grenada | 46·6% | 2% | 51·2% | 0·2% | 51·2% (42·8–62·1) | 2·4% (1·8–3·0) | 46·4% (35·8–54·6) | 0·1% (0·0–0·3) |
| Guatemala | 36·9% | 8·2% | 52·1% | 2·8% | 38·3% (31·3–45·5) | 8·6% (7·2–10·8) | 50·6% (43·8–57·1) | 2·4% (0·7–5·7) |
| Guinea | 20·4% | 0% | 34·5% | 45·1% | 40·2% (22·9–57·8) | 1·0% (0·5–1·5) | 31·2% (19·7–44·4) | 27·6% (11·1–50·7) |
| Guinea-Bissau | 6% | 0% | 52·1% | 41·9% | 3·2% (1·4–6·8) | 0·9% (0·5–1·3) | 48·1% (26·7–69·6) | 47·8% (24·9–71·1) |
| Guyana | 53·5% | 2·9% | 36·5% | 7·1% | 57·6% (47·4–67·7) | 3·0% (2·1–4·3) | 34·8% (26·2–44·2) | 4·7% (1·2–11·5) |
| Haiti | 0% | 29·6% | 29·6% | 40·8% | 1·1% (0·3–2·9) | 34·4% (21·3–46·8) | 27·6% (16·6–38·4) | 37·0% (15·9–60·3) |
| Honduras | 47·2% | 5% | 43·3% | 4·6% | 50·9% (44·3–60·8) | 5·3% (3·7–7·5) | 40·6% (32·2–46·9) | 3·2% (0·6–7·8) |
| Hungary | 68·1% | 4·4% | 27·5% | 0% | 68·6% (63·0–74·2) | 4·1% (3·3–4·8) | 27·3% (22·3–33·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Iceland | 82·3% | 0% | 17·7% | 0% | 83·2% (79·7–86·8) | 0·5% (0·4–0·6) | 16·3% (12·7–19·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| India | 31·3% | 2·4% | 65·6% | 0·7% | 43·7% (32·5–57·5) | 1·9% (1·4–2·4) | 54·3% (41·0–65·2) | 0·1% (0·0–0·4) |
| Indonesia | 42·7% | 2·7% | 53·5% | 1·1% | 47·7% (37·3–58·8) | 3·0% (2·0–4·4) | 49·3% (38·5–59·4) | 0·1% (0·0–0·6) |
| Iran | 43·8% | 5·3% | 50·8% | 0% | 47·0% (30·6–61·0) | 5·9% (3·9–9·1) | 47·1% (34·1–62·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Iraq | 58·2% | 3% | 38·4% | 0·5% | 62·1% (47·9–76·9) | 3·3% (1·9–5·0) | 34·4% (21·0–47·4) | 0·2% (0·0–0·7) |
| Ireland | 67·6% | 14·3% | 18·1% | 0% | 66·8% (53·3–76·2) | 16·1% (11·2–23·6) | 17·1% (11·8–24·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Israel | 61·5% | 11·2% | 27·3% | 0% | 62·0% (53·7–69·4) | 11·9% (9·1–15·7) | 26·1% (20·7–32·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Italy | 77·4% | 0·9% | 21·7% | 0% | 78·0% (72·0–83·1) | 0·9% (0·8–1·1) | 21·0% (16·0–27·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Jamaica | 50·5% | 19·4% | 27·8% | 2·3% | 62·5% (50·8–74·1) | 15·7% (10·4–21·9) | 20·3% (13·9–27·1) | 1·5% (0·2–4·3) |
| Japan | 83·6% | 2·4% | 13·9% | 0% | 86·6% (82·9–89·5) | 2·3% (1·7–3·6) | 11·1% (8·5–14·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Jordan | 66·8% | 8% | 21·1% | 4·1% | 67·4% (60·5–74·0) | 9·2% (7·1–12·0) | 20·2% (14·9–26·3) | 3·2% (0·0–7·8) |
| Kazakhstan | 54·4% | 0% | 45·3% | 0·3% | 55·3% (49·0–63·8) | 1·2% (0·9–1·4) | 43·5% (35·3–49·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Kenya | 37·8% | 3·8% | 23·4% | 35% | 39·5% (25·5–58·4) | 4·9% (3·2–6·6) | 25·6% (16·1–35·2) | 30·1% (12·4–51·7) |
| Kiribati | 79·3% | 0% | 2·8% | 17·9% | 68·3% (22·4–90·8) | 0·6% (0·3–1·8) | 3·1% (1·3–8·9) | 27·9% (6·7–71·0) |
| Kuwait | 85·9% | 1·3% | 12·7% | 0% | 89·9% (83·0–95·2) | 1·1% (0·6–1·7) | 9·0% (4·1–15·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 47·7% | 1·3% | 37·3% | 13·7% | 52·4% (40·5–64·3) | 1·3% (0·9–2·0) | 34·6% (25·2–44·6) | 11·6% (3·9–24·7) |
| Laos | 28·3% | 0·4% | 36·6% | 34·7% | 44·4% (25·5–65·7) | 3·6% (2·0–6·3) | 41·9% (23·9–61·4) | 10·1% (0·0–32·5) |
| Latvia | 63·2% | 1·7% | 35·1% | 0% | 63·4% (56·5–70·4) | 2·0% (1·5–3·5) | 34·6% (27·4–41·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Lebanon | 47·6% | 14·9% | 36·4% | 1·1% | 50·5% (38·3–63·9) | 16·2% (11·7–21·5) | 33·1% (22·1–43·4) | 0·2% (0·0–1·4) |
| Lesotho | 63·4% | 0·3% | 15% | 21·3% | 70·7% (52·5–83·0) | 0·5% (0·3–0·8) | 12·6% (7·8–20·0) | 16·3% (5·3–34·8) |
| Liberia | 0% | 0% | 7·8% | 92·2% | 1·8% (0·2–6·5) | 0·3% (0·2–0·4) | 13·8% (9·8–17·8) | 84·2% (78·5–89·1) |
| Libya | 73·5% | 0% | 26·5% | 0% | 82·0% (65·1–91·6) | 0·6% (0·3–1·0) | 17·3% (8·0–34·2) | 0·1% (0·0–0·4) |
| Lithuania | 67·9% | 0·8% | 31·3% | 0% | 66·9% (60·2–73·8) | 0·9% (0·6–1·3) | 32·3% (25·5–38·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Luxembourg | 83·9% | 5·5% | 10·6% | 0% | 85·3% (81·6–89·0) | 5·5% (4·0–8·1) | 9·2% (6·6–11·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Macedonia | 63·1% | 0% | 36·6% | 0·3% | 62·1% (56·6–68·2) | 0·7% (0·6–0·9) | 37·2% (31·0–42·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·3) |
| Madagascar | 29·5% | 0% | 34·3% | 36·2% | 39·0% (26·0–50·4) | 1·3% (0·8–2·1) | 30·5% (19·9–41·2) | 29·2% (12·3–52·0) |
| Malawi | 33·5% | 14% | 9·3% | 43·1% | 46·4% (30·2–60·7) | 12·7% (8·0–17·8) | 8·8% (5·6–12·7) | 32·1% (14·2–54·8) |
| Malaysia | 56% | 8·1% | 35·8% | 0% | 56·3% (48·5–67·3) | 9·8% (6·9–13·5) | 34·0% (24·4–41·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Maldives | 79·4% | 2% | 18·5% | 0% | 78·1% (66·0–87·7) | 2·3% (1·2–3·9) | 19·6% (11·0–30·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Mali | 22% | 10·9% | 43·6% | 23·5% | 36·8% (24·3–52·0) | 9·6% (5·9–14·7) | 38·3% (27·1–49·3) | 15·2% (5·3–31·3) |
| Malta | 69·2% | 2% | 28·9% | 0% | 78·0% (71·0–84·6) | 1·7% (1·2–2·5) | 20·4% (14·0–27·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Marshall Islands | 62·9% | 2·1% | 11·8% | 23·2% | 63·1% (38·6–79·2) | 2·6% (1·5–4·6) | 13·0% (8·1–21·8) | 21·3% (6·7–45·4) |
| Mauritania | 44·5% | 1·4% | 44·7% | 9·3% | 53·3% (40·2–68·7) | 1·5% (0·9–2·1) | 38·6% (25·6–50·8) | 6·7% (2·2–14·9) |
| Mauritius | 50·8% | 0·7% | 48% | 0·4% | 65·7% (53·1–79·1) | 0·9% (0·5–1·7) | 33·3% (20·2–45·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Mexico | 51·7% | 4·2% | 44% | 0·1% | 55·5% (45·3–63·6) | 4·6% (3·4–6·5) | 39·8% (32·2–49·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) |
| Moldova | 47·2% | 8·2% | 38·3% | 6·3% | 47·2% (37·8–56·9) | 9·4% (6·9–13·5) | 38·9% (29·9–48·5) | 4·5% (0·3–15·3) |
| Mongolia | 51·4% | 0·9% | 41·9% | 5·8% | 57·4% (42·2–73·6) | 1·2% (0·8–2·0) | 41·2% (25·4–56·3) | 0·2% (0·0–2·6) |
| Montenegro | 55·3% | 2·7% | 41·4% | 0·6% | 62·2% (52·7–74·3) | 2·4% (1·4–4·0) | 35·4% (24·1–44·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·3) |
| Morocco | 33·1% | 7·6% | 58·4% | 0·9% | 30·5% (24·9–35·3) | 8·8% (7·2–11·3) | 60·3% (55·4–65·7) | 0·4% (0·0–1·2) |
| Mozambique | 10·6% | 0·6% | 8·5% | 80·2% | 16·7% (4·9–37·3) | 1·1% (0·5–2·1) | 17·3% (8·1–31·1) | 64·9% (38·9–84·6) |
| Myanmar | 36·2% | 0% | 45·6% | 18·2% | 73·5% (51·8–90·7) | 1·5% (0·5–2·9) | 23·7% (8·3–44·0) | 1·3% (0·0–8·3) |
| Namibia | 53·5% | 31·2% | 6·9% | 8·4% | 61·8% (53·2–71·7) | 29·2% (21·8–36·0) | 6·2% (4·4–8·3) | 2·8% (0·0–9·9) |
| Nepal | 28·6% | 5·9% | 47·7% | 17·8% | 37·1% (29·3–46·4) | 6·6% (4·7–9·7) | 47·5% (37·6–55·3) | 8·8% (1·5–21·3) |
| Netherlands | 88·4% | 6·3% | 5·3% | 0% | 90·0% (87·1–92·2) | 5·6% (4·3–7·8) | 4·3% (3·1–6·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| New Zealand | 82·3% | 6·6% | 11% | 0% | 83·1% (78·9–86·4) | 7·1% (5·4–9·5) | 9·8% (7·5–12·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Nicaragua | 50·9% | 3·8% | 37·3% | 8% | 54·9% (40·6–64·3) | 4·1% (2·9–6·2) | 35·9% (27·4–48·1) | 5·1% (0·9–12·5) |
| Niger | 26·3% | 0% | 49·5% | 24·2% | 39·8% (25·4–58·1) | 0·8% (0·5–1·3) | 45·4% (30·5–58·9) | 14·0% (4·6–32·1) |
| Nigeria | 22·1% | 0·8% | 70·1% | 7% | 24·7% (12·3–41·3) | 1·5% (1·0–2·2) | 67·1% (51·5–79·7) | 6·8% (2·2–14·8) |
| Norway | 83·1% | 3·7% | 13·2% | 0% | 86·8% (83·6–90·0) | 3·1% (2·2–4·5) | 10·1% (7·5–12·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Oman | 91·8% | 2·3% | 5·9% | 0% | 93·6% (89·8–97·2) | 1·9% (0·8–3·1) | 4·5% (1·8–7·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Pakistan | 32·1% | 6·1% | 55·4% | 6·4% | 47·6% (37·1–60·6) | 5·4% (3·8–7·8) | 42·9% (31·8–52·6) | 4·1% (1·3–9·3) |
| Panama | 72·5% | 4·5% | 22·3% | 0·8% | 75·0% (68·3–81·7) | 5·4% (4·0–7·4) | 19·6% (13·5–25·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Papua New Guinea | 60·1% | 3·9% | 10·1% | 25·9% | 74·0% (59·3–84·6) | 1·9% (1·3–2·6) | 9·7% (6·2–14·5) | 14·4% (4·9–29·8) |
| Paraguay | 45·6% | 4·6% | 49·3% | 0·5% | 54·4% (42·3–70·2) | 4·2% (2·6–6·1) | 41·1% (26·7–52·7) | 0·2% (0·0–0·7) |
| Peru | 63·3% | 6·3% | 30% | 0·4% | 66·0% (57·3–75·5) | 6·2% (4·4–9·1) | 27·7% (19·4–35·8) | 0·1% (0·0–0·5) |
| Philippines | 33·6% | 10·2% | 54·3% | 1·9% | 43·1% (33·4–51·6) | 10·3% (8·0–13·6) | 45·7% (38·0–54·2) | 0·9% (0·2–2·3) |
| Poland | 71·4% | 5% | 23·6% | 0% | 72·4% (66·4–78·9) | 6·0% (4·5–9·1) | 21·6% (15·4–27·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Portugal | 66·6% | 5·9% | 27·6% | 0% | 67·5% (59·1–77·1) | 6·8% (4·5–9·6) | 25·7% (17·6–34·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Qatar | 85·7% | 7·4% | 6·9% | 0% | 89·1% (82·9–94·4) | 6·1% (3·1–10·0) | 4·8% (2·1–9·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Romania | 79·1% | 0·4% | 18·9% | 1·6% | 86·6% (81·0–91·5) | 0·7% (0·5–1·1) | 12·7% (7·9–18·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Russia | 51·8% | 2·8% | 45·5% | 0% | 53·2% (43·9–58·7) | 3·0% (2·2–4·5) | 43·9% (38·4–53·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Rwanda | 0% | 22·4% | 22·6% | 55% | 1·7% (0·4–5·0) | 28·1% (16·1–40·7) | 27·3% (15·6–39·5) | 42·9% (20·5–66·7) |
| Saint Lucia | 49·2% | 0·8% | 45·6% | 4·4% | 58·9% (49·6–70·1) | 0·9% (0·6–1·4) | 37·6% (27·3–46·0) | 2·6% (0·0–8·6) |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 46·1% | 2% | 48·2% | 3·6% | 51·1% (37·0–67·1) | 1·7% (1·0–3·3) | 44·6% (29·6–58·1) | 2·5% (0·0–7·6) |
| Samoa | 87·2% | 0% | 5·9% | 6·9% | 84·9% (73·9–92·5) | 0·7% (0·4–1·0) | 5·8% (3·3–8·4) | 8·5% (2·6–19·3) |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 31·1% | 8% | 11·9% | 49% | 47·3% (27·7–65·4) | 5·9% (3·2–9·9) | 10·6% (5·8–17·1) | 36·2% (15·9–60·2) |
| Saudi Arabia | 78·7% | 6·2% | 15·1% | 0% | 82·7% (74·4–91·2) | 5·5% (2·7–8·7) | 11·7% (5·8–18·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Senegal | 39·4% | 0% | 33·8% | 26·9% | 46·8% (33·6–60·2) | 1·1% (0·7–1·7) | 31·9% (22·3–41·9) | 20·3% (7·8–38·5) |
| Serbia | 62·5% | 0·3% | 37% | 0·1% | 61·9% (55·4–66·5) | 0·5% (0·4–0·8) | 37·6% (33·0–44·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·3) |
| Seychelles | 93·6% | 4% | 2·4% | 0·1% | 96·0% (92·4–97·9) | 2·5% (1·3–5·3) | 1·5% (0·6–3·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Sierra Leone | 5·1% | 9·2% | 50·1% | 35·6% | 7·4% (4·0–12·0) | 9·0% (5·6–12·3) | 49·0% (32·7–63·0) | 34·7% (22·0–55·1) |
| Singapore | 42·4% | 1·9% | 55·7% | 0% | 56·2% (41·2–71·0) | 1·7% (1·0–2·8) | 42·1% (27·9–56·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Slovakia | 76·3% | 0% | 23·7% | 0% | 77·5% (71·1–84·3) | 0·6% (0·5–0·8) | 21·9% (15·1–28·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Slovenia | 73·2% | 14·5% | 12·3% | 0% | 73·1% (66·4–80·1) | 15·6% (11·2–21·0) | 11·3% (8·1–14·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Solomon Islands | 67% | 0% | 4% | 29·1% | 55·9% (30·8–78·4) | 1·0% (0·6–1·7) | 4·5% (2·5–7·6) | 38·5% (15·8–64·9) |
| Somalia | 25% | 1·2% | 28·5% | 45·2% | 24·5% (11·6–38·0) | 1·2% (0·6–2·0) | 28·5% (15·5–42·2) | 45·8% (22·4–70·7) |
| South Africa | 47% | 44·2% | 6·4% | 2·4% | 53·8% (46·3–61·7) | 38·7% (31·8–45·3) | 5·2% (3·8–6·6) | 2·4% (0·0–6·2) |
| South Korea | 56% | 6·6% | 37·4% | 0% | 66·7% (57·0–75·7) | 5·9% (4·0–8·9) | 27·4% (19·6–35·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| South Sudan | 21% | 0% | 40·7% | 38·3% | 27·5% (9·1–58·3) | 0·9% (0·4–1·5) | 23·9% (11·0–40·1) | 47·7% (20·0–75·4) |
| Spain | 71·1% | 4·8% | 24·1% | 0% | 71·2% (64·4–76·8) | 4·7% (3·9–6·2) | 24·1% (18·4–31·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Sri Lanka | 54·5% | 1% | 42·3% | 2·1% | 62·8% (50·6–74·2) | 1·7% (1·0–2·7) | 35·6% (24·6–47·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Sudan | 20·4% | 0·9% | 76·6% | 2·2% | 22·9% (14·1–32·0) | 1·0% (0·7–1·6) | 74·5% (65·3–83·5) | 1·6% (0·5–3·7) |
| Suriname | 67·6% | 15·5% | 15·2% | 1·7% | 68·6% (56·5–78·3) | 16·4% (11·1–23·5) | 14·9% (9·3–22·2) | 0·1% (0·0–1·7) |
| Swaziland | 66·6% | 8·4% | 10% | 15% | 70·3% (55·0–82·3) | 6·5% (4·2–9·6) | 8·1% (5·1–12·2) | 15·1% (5·3–31·1) |
| Sweden | 85·1% | 0·6% | 14·2% | 0% | 86·8% (82·5–89·7) | 0·6% (0·4–1·0) | 12·6% (9·8–16·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Switzerland | 60·3% | 15·2% | 24·5% | 0% | 66·2% (60·4–70·7) | 10·3% (8·8–12·1) | 23·5% (20·0–28·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Syria | 44·5% | 3·3% | 51·6% | 0·6% | 52·3% (40·4–67·0) | 3·3% (2·1–4·9) | 43·8% (29·8–55·7) | 0·6% (0·1–1·4) |
| Tajikistan | 22·9% | 8·7% | 57·9% | 10·6% | 39·6% (29·1–53·3) | 5·0% (2·9–9·9) | 47·9% (36·7–57·7) | 7·5% (2·4–16·6) |
| Tanzania | 20·3% | 17·1% | 20·2% | 42·4% | 34·0% (20·7–53·1) | 23·3% (14·9–32·0) | 20·1% (12·6–28·5) | 22·7% (8·5–43·0) |
| Thailand | 78·7% | 8·6% | 12·1% | 0·7% | 82·1% (75·8–88·2) | 8·8% (5·7–13·0) | 9·1% (5·1–13·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| The Bahamas | 45·9% | 24·9% | 29·2% | 0% | 49·7% (41·1–60·6) | 23·4% (17·8–29·5) | 26·8% (19·9–35·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| The Gambia | 47·4% | 0% | 13·6% | 39% | 46·2% (26·2–64·0) | 0·5% (0·3–0·9) | 12·0% (6·7–18·3) | 41·4% (19·7–66·3) |
| Timor-Leste | 51·6% | 0% | 7·4% | 41% | 58·5% (27·0–82·7) | 1·6% (0·8–2·9) | 5·4% (2·2–11·5) | 34·5% (11·7–66·4) |
| Togo | 29·7% | 7·8% | 44·3% | 18·3% | 41·5% (29·9–55·9) | 7·0% (5·1–9·2) | 39·0% (28·5–48·5) | 12·5% (4·4–26·2) |
| Tonga | 69·5% | 0·4% | 11·7% | 18·5% | 75·7% (57·5–89·0) | 0·8% (0·4–1·4) | 8·2% (4·3–12·5) | 15·3% (4·5–33·8) |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 54·5% | 6·8% | 38·7% | 0% | 56·3% (46·9–66·8) | 7·1% (5·0–9·7) | 36·7% (27·1–46·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Tunisia | 57·2% | 4·5% | 38·1% | 0·2% | 60·7% (53·6–67·4) | 4·4% (3·5–6·1) | 34·8% (28·6–41·6) | 0·1% (0·0–0·3) |
| Turkey | 78·4% | 3·5% | 18% | 0·1% | 79·5% (75·3–84·4) | 3·0% (2·2–3·6) | 17·5% (13·2–21·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Turkmenistan | 59·2% | 8·7% | 31·6% | 0·6% | 67·6% (57·4–76·8) | 6·1% (4·3–8·3) | 26·2% (18·5–35·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Uganda | 0·9% | 64·8% | 16·4% | 18% | 3·7% (1·3–8·0) | 52·5% (40·1–62·3) | 25·1% (18·7–31·4) | 18·7% (7·2–35·8) |
| Ukraine | 51·3% | 0·9% | 46·8% | 0·9% | 48·1% (34·8–56·8) | 1·0% (0·7–1·7) | 49·0% (40·4–62·3) | 2·0% (0·2–7·0) |
| United Arab Emirates | 72·3% | 9·9% | 17·8% | 0% | 75·7% (66·9–84·9) | 9·0% (5·4–13·5) | 15·3% (9·1–22·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| UK | 83·1% | 7·1% | 9·7% | 0% | 83·3% (79·3–86·9) | 7·1% (5·6–8·9) | 9·5% (7·3–12·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| USA | 49·8% | 38·8% | 11·4% | 0% | 51·9% (46·2–57·4) | 37·8% (33·2–43·2) | 10·2% (8·7–11·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Uruguay | 71·2% | 13·2% | 15·6% | 0% | 74·2% (67·0–79·6) | 12·7% (9·8–17·2) | 13·1% (9·3–17·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Uzbekistan | 51·9% | 2·6% | 43·7% | 1·7% | 69·3% (57·6–80·6) | 1·6% (1·0–2·2) | 28·5% (17·7–39·6) | 0·6% (0·0–1·7) |
| Vanuatu | 56·7% | 0% | 5·4% | 37·9% | 69·0% (43·2–88·4) | 0·7% (0·3–1·3) | 3·6% (1·7–6·0) | 26·7% (8·2–53·2) |
| Venezuela | 29·3% | 6·3% | 64·3% | 0% | 35·7% (26·0–46·0) | 6·4% (4·8–8·8) | 58·0% (48·4–67·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Vietnam | 53% | 6·9% | 37·4% | 2·7% | 66·9% (54·5–77·9) | 5·7% (4·1–7·8) | 27·1% (17·0–38·5) | 0·4% (0·0–1·8) |
| Yemen | 14·3% | 1·7% | 74·7% | 9·3% | 13·5% (3·9–27·7) | 1·4% (0·9–2·2) | 67·8% (48·0–83·9) | 17·3% (5·2–39·0) |
| Zambia | 32·6% | 0% | 27·7% | 39·7% | 44·7% (29·2–59·8) | 1·1% (0·7–1·7) | 27·2% (17·8–37·6) | 26·9% (10·6–49·2) |
Data in parentheses are uncertainty intervals. Data are percentages. GBD=global burden of disease.