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. 2017 May 20;389(10083):2005–2030. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30873-5

Table 2.

Expected health spending by source in 2040

2014
2040
Government spending as share of total (%) Prepaid private spending as share of total (%) Out-of-pocket spending as share of total (%) Development assistance for health as share of total (%) Government spending as share of total (%) Prepaid private spending as share of total (%) Out-of-pocket spending as share of total (%) Development assistance for health as share of total (%)
Global
Total 59·2% 17·4% 22·8% 0·6% 65·3% (58·7–72·3) 12·9% (10·1–16·0) 21·4% (16·5–26·2) 0·4% (0·1–0·9)
Income level
High income 63·4% 22·7% 13·9% 0% 65·5% (62·0–68·5) 22·0% (19·7–25·2) 12·5% (11·2–13·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Upper-middle income 57·2% 8·7% 33·8% 0·3% 71·2% (59·3–82·6) 6·4% (3·9–9·6) 22·3% (12·8–32·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·1)
Lower-middle income 35·9% 3·1% 58% 3% 45·6% (38·5–54·5) 2·7% (2·2–3·2) 50·5% (42·1–57·2) 1·2% (0·4–2·7)
Low income 18% 17·2% 29·1% 35·7% 29·4% (20·8–38·3) 14·4% (10·4–18·1) 29·9% (21·9–37·0) 26·3% (12·1–44·9)
GBD super region
Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia 58·5% 2·8% 38·5% 0·3% 62·5% (57·7–65·8) 3·2% (2·7–4·2) 34·1% (31·0–39·1) 0·2% (0·0–0·5)
Global Burden of Disease high income 62·8% 23·4% 13·8% 0% 64·8% (61·2–67·9) 22·8% (20·4–26·0) 12·5% (11·2–13·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Latin America and Caribbean 51·6% 16·1% 31·7% 0·7% 59·6% (52·1–67·4) 14·7% (11·3–19·1) 25·5% (20·3–30·9) 0·2% (0·1–0·5)
North Africa and Middle East 60·1% 4·3% 34·9% 0·7% 63·9% (58·6–70·5) 3·9% (3·1–4·8) 31·6% (25·7–36·6) 0·6% (0·2–1·4)
South Asia 31% 2·6% 64·7% 1·7% 43·5% (33·0–56·6) 2·1% (1·5–2·5) 54·0% (41·5–64·1) 0·4% (0·1–1·1)
Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania 58·6% 5·2% 35·7% 0·5% 73·2% (58·8–85·7) 4·9% (2·7–8·1) 21·8% (11·0–35·1) 0·1% (0·0–0·2)
Sub-Saharan Africa 33·5% 20·8% 29·2% 16·6% 39·0% (32·0–45·4) 15·5% (12·7–18·0) 31·1% (25·6–36·3) 14·4% (5·9–27·3)
Country
Afghanistan 15% 0% 54·1% 30·9% 19·1% (9·0–43·0) 0·5% (0·3–0·9) 50·2% (30·7–65·9) 30·1% (15·1–53·4)
Albania 48·3% 0% 49·8% 1·9% 58·1% (49·4–68·0) 0·8% (0·6–1·0) 41·0% (31·2–49·6) 0·1% (0·0–1·2)
Algeria 72·7% 0·7% 26·5% 0% 80·7% (72·4–89·0) 0·6% (0·3–1·0) 18·7% (10·6–26·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·1)
Andorra 78% 6% 15·9% 0% 78·5% (69·5–84·4) 6·5% (4·5–9·9) 15·0% (10·5–21·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Angola 70% 0% 26·6% 3·4% 61·9% (32·3–76·0) 2·3% (1·5–4·4) 32·7% (19·8–59·5) 3·1% (0·7–8·5)
Antigua and Barbuda 68·3% 8% 23·7% 0% 77·6% (68·9–85·4) 6·4% (4·1–9·4) 16·0% (10·1–23·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Argentina 55·8% 13·2% 30·9% 0% 65·0% (53·6–79·7) 11·3% (6·5–16·3) 23·7% (13·3–33·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Armenia 40·6% 3% 52·8% 3·6% 52·8% (40·1–71·7) 3·3% (1·9–5·3) 42·3% (25·0–54·7) 1·5% (0·0–6·0)
Australia 70·4% 9·9% 19·7% 0% 72·0% (66·7–76·7) 9·8% (7·8–12·7) 18·2% (14·8–23·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Austria 78% 5·8% 16·2% 0% 79·3% (76·0–82·6) 5·7% (4·6–8·1) 15·0% (12·4–17·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Azerbaijan 20·9% 4·3% 74·2% 0·6% 26·5% (18·1–39·1) 4·1% (3·0–5·8) 69·4% (57·2–77·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Bahrain 65·3% 10·6% 24·1% 0% 71·8% (64·1–81·2) 9·9% (6·3–14·3) 18·3% (12·1–24·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Bangladesh 22·7% 0% 65·6% 11·7% 30·2% (21·3–42·6) 1·8% (1·4–2·4) 63·6% (51·0–73·1) 4·5% (0·8–11·6)
Barbados 63·5% 6·6% 29·9% 0% 69·2% (60·0–77·1) 6·1% (4·3–8·8) 24·7% (17·7–33·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Belarus 66·9% 0·1% 32·6% 0·4% 68·2% (55·0–79·0) 0·8% (0·5–1·3) 31·0% (20·3–44·0) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Belgium 77·9% 4·3% 17·8% 0% 79·9% (76·6–83·6) 4·1% (3·2–5·2) 16·1% (12·9–18·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Belize 64·7% 9·5% 23% 2·9% 68·2% (61·2–74·8) 9·7% (7·3–13·1) 19·8% (15·2–24·7) 2·3% (0·5–5·7)
Benin 35% 0% 35·5% 29·6% 56·1% (39·3–73·7) 1·2% (0·6–2·0) 25·7% (15·6–36·3) 16·9% (6·0–34·4)
Bhutan 70·7% 0% 25·1% 4·2% 76·0% (58·4–88·1) 1·6% (0·8–2·7) 22·2% (10·7–39·0) 0·2% (0·0–1·9)
Bolivia 70·2% 3·4% 23·1% 3·3% 77·5% (70·1–84·2) 2·9% (1·8–4·6) 18·2% (12·4–24·6) 1·5% (0·4–3·6)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 70% 0% 28% 2% 78·8% (70·6–86·4) 0·5% (0·3–0·6) 20·4% (12·9–28·2) 0·4% (0·0–2·3)
Botswana 49·9% 35% 5·1% 10% 60·7% (49·2–72·1) 34·5% (24·2–45·2) 4·2% (2·9–5·7) 0·6% (0·0–7·0)
Brazil 45·9% 28·5% 25·5% 0·1% 56·1% (44·4–68·3) 24·8% (17·5–33·0) 19·1% (13·0–26·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·1)
Brunei 93·9% 0·1% 6% 0% 94·0% (89·4–97·0) 1·4% (0·8–2·1) 4·6% (2·1–8·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Bulgaria 54·7% 0·9% 44·3% 0·2% 61·1% (49·5–75·1) 0·7% (0·4–1·3) 38·3% (24·4–49·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Burkina Faso 35·8% 0% 38·6% 25·6% 40·5% (28·9–50·5) 1·1% (0·7–1·7) 38·1% (27·5–48·9) 20·3% (7·9–38·7)
Burundi 23·7% 0% 19·1% 57·2% 36·2% (17·2–55·4) 0·8% (0·4–1·4) 16·9% (8·9–26·8) 46·1% (23·0–71·0)
Cambodia 14·2% 0% 65·4% 20·4% 25·0% (15·1–34·8) 1·0% (0·7–1·5) 67·3% (56·9–77·7) 6·7% (1·6–16·5)
Cameroon 17% 3·5% 68·5% 10·9% 24·9% (16·1–37·7) 3·4% (2·5–4·8) 63·4% (51·0–73·8) 8·3% (2·9–17·8)
Canada 72·1% 14·1% 13·8% 0% 74·8% (71·5–79·1) 12·9% (10·7–14·8) 12·3% (9·6–14·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Cape Verde 58·4% 0·1% 22·2% 19·2% 68·4% (52·9–80·4) 1·2% (0·7–2·0) 21·9% (14·1–31·4) 8·6% (1·2–21·4)
Central African Republic 9% 0% 34·2% 56·7% 10·1% (2·9–20·1) 0·5% (0·1–1·0) 18·4% (5·8–36·2) 71·0% (44·8–90·7)
Chad 48·5% 1·3% 37·2% 12·9% 51·0% (20·7–71·8) 1·6% (0·8–2·8) 36·0% (20·2–60·4) 11·5% (3·3–26·6)
Chile 49·5% 19% 31·5% 0% 57·1% (45·8–67·0) 16·0% (12·1–20·7) 26·8% (20·1–34·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
China 60·3% 5% 34·6% 0% 74·7% (59·1–87·5) 4·9% (2·6–8·3) 20·4% (9·3–34·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Colombia 71·9% 9·5% 15·3% 3·2% 77·8% (67·8–86·7) 10·4% (6·0–15·9) 11·7% (6·5–17·6) 0·1% (0·0–1·5)
Comoros 22·1% 20·1% 42·8% 14·9% 26·0% (14·2–43·2) 16·4% (11·4–22·1) 38·6% (25·3–52·3) 19·0% (6·6–39·8)
Congo (Brazzaville) 80·7% 0·3% 17·4% 1·7% 84·5% (77·2–89·6) 0·7% (0·5–1·1) 13·5% (8·9–20·5) 1·2% (0·4–3·1)
Costa Rica 73·1% 1·8% 25% 0% 73·5% (63·8–81·4) 1·8% (1·3–2·6) 24·6% (17·1–33·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Côte d'Ivoire 22·1% 8·2% 54·6% 15·1% 30·5% (22·4–40·6) 8·3% (6·2–10·9) 50·3% (41·2–58·7) 10·9% (3·7–22·9)
Croatia 81·9% 6·9% 11·2% 0% 81·9% (77·8–84·9) 7·5% (6·1–10·2) 10·7% (8·0–14·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Cuba 95·5% 0% 4·4% 0·2% 95·4% (93·1–97·1) 0·4% (0·3–0·6) 4·1% (2·6–6·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·2)
Cyprus 46% 4·4% 49·6% 0% 54·2% (45·6–64·5) 4·3% (3·0–6·2) 41·4% (32·0–49·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Czech Republic 84·8% 0·8% 14·4% 0% 85·1% (81·7–88·3) 0·9% (0·7–1·5) 14·0% (10·9–17·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
DR Congo 21·3% 0% 37·4% 41·3% 33·6% (18·8–53·0) 1·0% (0·6–1·7) 35·5% (21·0–50·8) 29·9% (11·9–53·6)
Denmark 84·8% 1·9% 13·4% 0% 84·3% (80·1–87·5) 2·2% (1·7–3·3) 13·4% (10·5–17·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Djibouti 58·3% 0% 34·6% 7·1% 67·6% (54·9–81·4) 0·3% (0·2–0·5) 27·3% (15·7–38·4) 4·8% (1·4–11·4)
Dominica 68·7% 3% 28·3% 0% 73·0% (64·4–80·7) 2·7% (1·8–4·1) 24·3% (17·1–32·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·1)
Dominican Republic 63·4% 11·4% 21% 4·2% 74·0% (63·3–82·7) 11·1% (7·3–16·5) 14·9% (8·6–22·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Ecuador 48·8% 2·2% 48·5% 0·5% 53·1% (42·1–63·7) 2·0% (1·4–3·0) 44·6% (34·3–55·4) 0·3% (0·0–0·8)
Egypt 39·9% 1·5% 58·3% 0·2% 39·5% (33·5–49·5) 1·7% (1·2–2·5) 58·8% (49·0–64·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·2)
El Salvador 64·7% 4·9% 28·8% 1·6% 73·8% (63·5–84·5) 4·8% (2·7–7·6) 20·7% (11·8–29·8) 0·6% (0·0–2·1)
Equatorial Guinea 79·2% 0% 20·7% 0·1% 77·1% (65·6–84·4) 1·4% (1·0–1·9) 21·5% (14·5–33·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Eritrea 23·4% 0% 35·2% 41·4% 26·4% (12·4–42·3) 1·1% (0·7–1·7) 35·5% (21·5–50·9) 37·1% (16·6–61·2)
Estonia 79% 0·3% 20·8% 0% 82·1% (74·5–88·6) 0·6% (0·4–0·8) 17·3% (10·9–24·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Ethiopia 26·9% 0% 28·4% 44·7% 38·8% (24·2–53·2) 1·3% (0·7–2·0) 31·9% (19·6–43·9) 28·0% (9·6–52·3)
Federated States of Micronesia 0% 0% 7·7% 92·3% 8·3% (2·4–19·4) 0·3% (0·1–0·7) 7·9% (2·9–16·9) 83·5% (64·6–94·3)
Fiji 63·8% 7·5% 23% 5·7% 64·2% (57·0–69·8) 8·2% (6·4–10·7) 22·6% (18·3–29·5) 4·9% (1·2–12·0)
Finland 78% 3·1% 18·9% 0% 79·2% (76·5–82·0) 3·1% (2·6–4·0) 17·7% (15·0–20·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
France 79·9% 13·6% 6·5% 0% 80·0% (76·2–83·5) 14·2% (11·4–17·8) 5·9% (4·5–7·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Gabon 67·4% 8·8% 22% 1·8% 81·0% (72·9–87·8) 5·3% (3·3–8·3) 13·3% (8·1–20·0) 0·4% (0·0–2·2)
Georgia 19·4% 18·9% 59·1% 2·6% 23·4% (15·5–36·1) 31·8% (20·8–40·9) 43·4% (33·4–54·3) 1·4% (0·0–4·9)
Germany 77·3% 9·4% 13·3% 0% 79·8% (75·8–83·2) 8·3% (6·8–10·0) 12·0% (9·7–14·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Ghana 52·8% 3·1% 27·1% 17% 61·1% (47·5–72·6) 3·1% (2·1–4·9) 25·6% (18·0–35·2) 10·2% (3·4–21·5)
Greece 61·7% 3·4% 34·9% 0% 63·4% (56·8–72·4) 3·9% (2·8–5·7) 32·7% (24·6–38·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Grenada 46·6% 2% 51·2% 0·2% 51·2% (42·8–62·1) 2·4% (1·8–3·0) 46·4% (35·8–54·6) 0·1% (0·0–0·3)
Guatemala 36·9% 8·2% 52·1% 2·8% 38·3% (31·3–45·5) 8·6% (7·2–10·8) 50·6% (43·8–57·1) 2·4% (0·7–5·7)
Guinea 20·4% 0% 34·5% 45·1% 40·2% (22·9–57·8) 1·0% (0·5–1·5) 31·2% (19·7–44·4) 27·6% (11·1–50·7)
Guinea-Bissau 6% 0% 52·1% 41·9% 3·2% (1·4–6·8) 0·9% (0·5–1·3) 48·1% (26·7–69·6) 47·8% (24·9–71·1)
Guyana 53·5% 2·9% 36·5% 7·1% 57·6% (47·4–67·7) 3·0% (2·1–4·3) 34·8% (26·2–44·2) 4·7% (1·2–11·5)
Haiti 0% 29·6% 29·6% 40·8% 1·1% (0·3–2·9) 34·4% (21·3–46·8) 27·6% (16·6–38·4) 37·0% (15·9–60·3)
Honduras 47·2% 5% 43·3% 4·6% 50·9% (44·3–60·8) 5·3% (3·7–7·5) 40·6% (32·2–46·9) 3·2% (0·6–7·8)
Hungary 68·1% 4·4% 27·5% 0% 68·6% (63·0–74·2) 4·1% (3·3–4·8) 27·3% (22·3–33·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Iceland 82·3% 0% 17·7% 0% 83·2% (79·7–86·8) 0·5% (0·4–0·6) 16·3% (12·7–19·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
India 31·3% 2·4% 65·6% 0·7% 43·7% (32·5–57·5) 1·9% (1·4–2·4) 54·3% (41·0–65·2) 0·1% (0·0–0·4)
Indonesia 42·7% 2·7% 53·5% 1·1% 47·7% (37·3–58·8) 3·0% (2·0–4·4) 49·3% (38·5–59·4) 0·1% (0·0–0·6)
Iran 43·8% 5·3% 50·8% 0% 47·0% (30·6–61·0) 5·9% (3·9–9·1) 47·1% (34·1–62·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Iraq 58·2% 3% 38·4% 0·5% 62·1% (47·9–76·9) 3·3% (1·9–5·0) 34·4% (21·0–47·4) 0·2% (0·0–0·7)
Ireland 67·6% 14·3% 18·1% 0% 66·8% (53·3–76·2) 16·1% (11·2–23·6) 17·1% (11·8–24·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Israel 61·5% 11·2% 27·3% 0% 62·0% (53·7–69·4) 11·9% (9·1–15·7) 26·1% (20·7–32·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Italy 77·4% 0·9% 21·7% 0% 78·0% (72·0–83·1) 0·9% (0·8–1·1) 21·0% (16·0–27·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Jamaica 50·5% 19·4% 27·8% 2·3% 62·5% (50·8–74·1) 15·7% (10·4–21·9) 20·3% (13·9–27·1) 1·5% (0·2–4·3)
Japan 83·6% 2·4% 13·9% 0% 86·6% (82·9–89·5) 2·3% (1·7–3·6) 11·1% (8·5–14·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Jordan 66·8% 8% 21·1% 4·1% 67·4% (60·5–74·0) 9·2% (7·1–12·0) 20·2% (14·9–26·3) 3·2% (0·0–7·8)
Kazakhstan 54·4% 0% 45·3% 0·3% 55·3% (49·0–63·8) 1·2% (0·9–1·4) 43·5% (35·3–49·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Kenya 37·8% 3·8% 23·4% 35% 39·5% (25·5–58·4) 4·9% (3·2–6·6) 25·6% (16·1–35·2) 30·1% (12·4–51·7)
Kiribati 79·3% 0% 2·8% 17·9% 68·3% (22·4–90·8) 0·6% (0·3–1·8) 3·1% (1·3–8·9) 27·9% (6·7–71·0)
Kuwait 85·9% 1·3% 12·7% 0% 89·9% (83·0–95·2) 1·1% (0·6–1·7) 9·0% (4·1–15·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Kyrgyzstan 47·7% 1·3% 37·3% 13·7% 52·4% (40·5–64·3) 1·3% (0·9–2·0) 34·6% (25·2–44·6) 11·6% (3·9–24·7)
Laos 28·3% 0·4% 36·6% 34·7% 44·4% (25·5–65·7) 3·6% (2·0–6·3) 41·9% (23·9–61·4) 10·1% (0·0–32·5)
Latvia 63·2% 1·7% 35·1% 0% 63·4% (56·5–70·4) 2·0% (1·5–3·5) 34·6% (27·4–41·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Lebanon 47·6% 14·9% 36·4% 1·1% 50·5% (38·3–63·9) 16·2% (11·7–21·5) 33·1% (22·1–43·4) 0·2% (0·0–1·4)
Lesotho 63·4% 0·3% 15% 21·3% 70·7% (52·5–83·0) 0·5% (0·3–0·8) 12·6% (7·8–20·0) 16·3% (5·3–34·8)
Liberia 0% 0% 7·8% 92·2% 1·8% (0·2–6·5) 0·3% (0·2–0·4) 13·8% (9·8–17·8) 84·2% (78·5–89·1)
Libya 73·5% 0% 26·5% 0% 82·0% (65·1–91·6) 0·6% (0·3–1·0) 17·3% (8·0–34·2) 0·1% (0·0–0·4)
Lithuania 67·9% 0·8% 31·3% 0% 66·9% (60·2–73·8) 0·9% (0·6–1·3) 32·3% (25·5–38·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Luxembourg 83·9% 5·5% 10·6% 0% 85·3% (81·6–89·0) 5·5% (4·0–8·1) 9·2% (6·6–11·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Macedonia 63·1% 0% 36·6% 0·3% 62·1% (56·6–68·2) 0·7% (0·6–0·9) 37·2% (31·0–42·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·3)
Madagascar 29·5% 0% 34·3% 36·2% 39·0% (26·0–50·4) 1·3% (0·8–2·1) 30·5% (19·9–41·2) 29·2% (12·3–52·0)
Malawi 33·5% 14% 9·3% 43·1% 46·4% (30·2–60·7) 12·7% (8·0–17·8) 8·8% (5·6–12·7) 32·1% (14·2–54·8)
Malaysia 56% 8·1% 35·8% 0% 56·3% (48·5–67·3) 9·8% (6·9–13·5) 34·0% (24·4–41·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Maldives 79·4% 2% 18·5% 0% 78·1% (66·0–87·7) 2·3% (1·2–3·9) 19·6% (11·0–30·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Mali 22% 10·9% 43·6% 23·5% 36·8% (24·3–52·0) 9·6% (5·9–14·7) 38·3% (27·1–49·3) 15·2% (5·3–31·3)
Malta 69·2% 2% 28·9% 0% 78·0% (71·0–84·6) 1·7% (1·2–2·5) 20·4% (14·0–27·0) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Marshall Islands 62·9% 2·1% 11·8% 23·2% 63·1% (38·6–79·2) 2·6% (1·5–4·6) 13·0% (8·1–21·8) 21·3% (6·7–45·4)
Mauritania 44·5% 1·4% 44·7% 9·3% 53·3% (40·2–68·7) 1·5% (0·9–2·1) 38·6% (25·6–50·8) 6·7% (2·2–14·9)
Mauritius 50·8% 0·7% 48% 0·4% 65·7% (53·1–79·1) 0·9% (0·5–1·7) 33·3% (20·2–45·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Mexico 51·7% 4·2% 44% 0·1% 55·5% (45·3–63·6) 4·6% (3·4–6·5) 39·8% (32·2–49·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·1)
Moldova 47·2% 8·2% 38·3% 6·3% 47·2% (37·8–56·9) 9·4% (6·9–13·5) 38·9% (29·9–48·5) 4·5% (0·3–15·3)
Mongolia 51·4% 0·9% 41·9% 5·8% 57·4% (42·2–73·6) 1·2% (0·8–2·0) 41·2% (25·4–56·3) 0·2% (0·0–2·6)
Montenegro 55·3% 2·7% 41·4% 0·6% 62·2% (52·7–74·3) 2·4% (1·4–4·0) 35·4% (24·1–44·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·3)
Morocco 33·1% 7·6% 58·4% 0·9% 30·5% (24·9–35·3) 8·8% (7·2–11·3) 60·3% (55·4–65·7) 0·4% (0·0–1·2)
Mozambique 10·6% 0·6% 8·5% 80·2% 16·7% (4·9–37·3) 1·1% (0·5–2·1) 17·3% (8·1–31·1) 64·9% (38·9–84·6)
Myanmar 36·2% 0% 45·6% 18·2% 73·5% (51·8–90·7) 1·5% (0·5–2·9) 23·7% (8·3–44·0) 1·3% (0·0–8·3)
Namibia 53·5% 31·2% 6·9% 8·4% 61·8% (53·2–71·7) 29·2% (21·8–36·0) 6·2% (4·4–8·3) 2·8% (0·0–9·9)
Nepal 28·6% 5·9% 47·7% 17·8% 37·1% (29·3–46·4) 6·6% (4·7–9·7) 47·5% (37·6–55·3) 8·8% (1·5–21·3)
Netherlands 88·4% 6·3% 5·3% 0% 90·0% (87·1–92·2) 5·6% (4·3–7·8) 4·3% (3·1–6·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
New Zealand 82·3% 6·6% 11% 0% 83·1% (78·9–86·4) 7·1% (5·4–9·5) 9·8% (7·5–12·4) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Nicaragua 50·9% 3·8% 37·3% 8% 54·9% (40·6–64·3) 4·1% (2·9–6·2) 35·9% (27·4–48·1) 5·1% (0·9–12·5)
Niger 26·3% 0% 49·5% 24·2% 39·8% (25·4–58·1) 0·8% (0·5–1·3) 45·4% (30·5–58·9) 14·0% (4·6–32·1)
Nigeria 22·1% 0·8% 70·1% 7% 24·7% (12·3–41·3) 1·5% (1·0–2·2) 67·1% (51·5–79·7) 6·8% (2·2–14·8)
Norway 83·1% 3·7% 13·2% 0% 86·8% (83·6–90·0) 3·1% (2·2–4·5) 10·1% (7·5–12·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Oman 91·8% 2·3% 5·9% 0% 93·6% (89·8–97·2) 1·9% (0·8–3·1) 4·5% (1·8–7·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Pakistan 32·1% 6·1% 55·4% 6·4% 47·6% (37·1–60·6) 5·4% (3·8–7·8) 42·9% (31·8–52·6) 4·1% (1·3–9·3)
Panama 72·5% 4·5% 22·3% 0·8% 75·0% (68·3–81·7) 5·4% (4·0–7·4) 19·6% (13·5–25·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Papua New Guinea 60·1% 3·9% 10·1% 25·9% 74·0% (59·3–84·6) 1·9% (1·3–2·6) 9·7% (6·2–14·5) 14·4% (4·9–29·8)
Paraguay 45·6% 4·6% 49·3% 0·5% 54·4% (42·3–70·2) 4·2% (2·6–6·1) 41·1% (26·7–52·7) 0·2% (0·0–0·7)
Peru 63·3% 6·3% 30% 0·4% 66·0% (57·3–75·5) 6·2% (4·4–9·1) 27·7% (19·4–35·8) 0·1% (0·0–0·5)
Philippines 33·6% 10·2% 54·3% 1·9% 43·1% (33·4–51·6) 10·3% (8·0–13·6) 45·7% (38·0–54·2) 0·9% (0·2–2·3)
Poland 71·4% 5% 23·6% 0% 72·4% (66·4–78·9) 6·0% (4·5–9·1) 21·6% (15·4–27·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Portugal 66·6% 5·9% 27·6% 0% 67·5% (59·1–77·1) 6·8% (4·5–9·6) 25·7% (17·6–34·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Qatar 85·7% 7·4% 6·9% 0% 89·1% (82·9–94·4) 6·1% (3·1–10·0) 4·8% (2·1–9·0) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Romania 79·1% 0·4% 18·9% 1·6% 86·6% (81·0–91·5) 0·7% (0·5–1·1) 12·7% (7·9–18·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Russia 51·8% 2·8% 45·5% 0% 53·2% (43·9–58·7) 3·0% (2·2–4·5) 43·9% (38·4–53·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Rwanda 0% 22·4% 22·6% 55% 1·7% (0·4–5·0) 28·1% (16·1–40·7) 27·3% (15·6–39·5) 42·9% (20·5–66·7)
Saint Lucia 49·2% 0·8% 45·6% 4·4% 58·9% (49·6–70·1) 0·9% (0·6–1·4) 37·6% (27·3–46·0) 2·6% (0·0–8·6)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 46·1% 2% 48·2% 3·6% 51·1% (37·0–67·1) 1·7% (1·0–3·3) 44·6% (29·6–58·1) 2·5% (0·0–7·6)
Samoa 87·2% 0% 5·9% 6·9% 84·9% (73·9–92·5) 0·7% (0·4–1·0) 5·8% (3·3–8·4) 8·5% (2·6–19·3)
São Tomé and Príncipe 31·1% 8% 11·9% 49% 47·3% (27·7–65·4) 5·9% (3·2–9·9) 10·6% (5·8–17·1) 36·2% (15·9–60·2)
Saudi Arabia 78·7% 6·2% 15·1% 0% 82·7% (74·4–91·2) 5·5% (2·7–8·7) 11·7% (5·8–18·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Senegal 39·4% 0% 33·8% 26·9% 46·8% (33·6–60·2) 1·1% (0·7–1·7) 31·9% (22·3–41·9) 20·3% (7·8–38·5)
Serbia 62·5% 0·3% 37% 0·1% 61·9% (55·4–66·5) 0·5% (0·4–0·8) 37·6% (33·0–44·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·3)
Seychelles 93·6% 4% 2·4% 0·1% 96·0% (92·4–97·9) 2·5% (1·3–5·3) 1·5% (0·6–3·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Sierra Leone 5·1% 9·2% 50·1% 35·6% 7·4% (4·0–12·0) 9·0% (5·6–12·3) 49·0% (32·7–63·0) 34·7% (22·0–55·1)
Singapore 42·4% 1·9% 55·7% 0% 56·2% (41·2–71·0) 1·7% (1·0–2·8) 42·1% (27·9–56·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Slovakia 76·3% 0% 23·7% 0% 77·5% (71·1–84·3) 0·6% (0·5–0·8) 21·9% (15·1–28·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Slovenia 73·2% 14·5% 12·3% 0% 73·1% (66·4–80·1) 15·6% (11·2–21·0) 11·3% (8·1–14·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Solomon Islands 67% 0% 4% 29·1% 55·9% (30·8–78·4) 1·0% (0·6–1·7) 4·5% (2·5–7·6) 38·5% (15·8–64·9)
Somalia 25% 1·2% 28·5% 45·2% 24·5% (11·6–38·0) 1·2% (0·6–2·0) 28·5% (15·5–42·2) 45·8% (22·4–70·7)
South Africa 47% 44·2% 6·4% 2·4% 53·8% (46·3–61·7) 38·7% (31·8–45·3) 5·2% (3·8–6·6) 2·4% (0·0–6·2)
South Korea 56% 6·6% 37·4% 0% 66·7% (57·0–75·7) 5·9% (4·0–8·9) 27·4% (19·6–35·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
South Sudan 21% 0% 40·7% 38·3% 27·5% (9·1–58·3) 0·9% (0·4–1·5) 23·9% (11·0–40·1) 47·7% (20·0–75·4)
Spain 71·1% 4·8% 24·1% 0% 71·2% (64·4–76·8) 4·7% (3·9–6·2) 24·1% (18·4–31·0) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Sri Lanka 54·5% 1% 42·3% 2·1% 62·8% (50·6–74·2) 1·7% (1·0–2·7) 35·6% (24·6–47·1) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Sudan 20·4% 0·9% 76·6% 2·2% 22·9% (14·1–32·0) 1·0% (0·7–1·6) 74·5% (65·3–83·5) 1·6% (0·5–3·7)
Suriname 67·6% 15·5% 15·2% 1·7% 68·6% (56·5–78·3) 16·4% (11·1–23·5) 14·9% (9·3–22·2) 0·1% (0·0–1·7)
Swaziland 66·6% 8·4% 10% 15% 70·3% (55·0–82·3) 6·5% (4·2–9·6) 8·1% (5·1–12·2) 15·1% (5·3–31·1)
Sweden 85·1% 0·6% 14·2% 0% 86·8% (82·5–89·7) 0·6% (0·4–1·0) 12·6% (9·8–16·8) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Switzerland 60·3% 15·2% 24·5% 0% 66·2% (60·4–70·7) 10·3% (8·8–12·1) 23·5% (20·0–28·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Syria 44·5% 3·3% 51·6% 0·6% 52·3% (40·4–67·0) 3·3% (2·1–4·9) 43·8% (29·8–55·7) 0·6% (0·1–1·4)
Tajikistan 22·9% 8·7% 57·9% 10·6% 39·6% (29·1–53·3) 5·0% (2·9–9·9) 47·9% (36·7–57·7) 7·5% (2·4–16·6)
Tanzania 20·3% 17·1% 20·2% 42·4% 34·0% (20·7–53·1) 23·3% (14·9–32·0) 20·1% (12·6–28·5) 22·7% (8·5–43·0)
Thailand 78·7% 8·6% 12·1% 0·7% 82·1% (75·8–88·2) 8·8% (5·7–13·0) 9·1% (5·1–13·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
The Bahamas 45·9% 24·9% 29·2% 0% 49·7% (41·1–60·6) 23·4% (17·8–29·5) 26·8% (19·9–35·3) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
The Gambia 47·4% 0% 13·6% 39% 46·2% (26·2–64·0) 0·5% (0·3–0·9) 12·0% (6·7–18·3) 41·4% (19·7–66·3)
Timor-Leste 51·6% 0% 7·4% 41% 58·5% (27·0–82·7) 1·6% (0·8–2·9) 5·4% (2·2–11·5) 34·5% (11·7–66·4)
Togo 29·7% 7·8% 44·3% 18·3% 41·5% (29·9–55·9) 7·0% (5·1–9·2) 39·0% (28·5–48·5) 12·5% (4·4–26·2)
Tonga 69·5% 0·4% 11·7% 18·5% 75·7% (57·5–89·0) 0·8% (0·4–1·4) 8·2% (4·3–12·5) 15·3% (4·5–33·8)
Trinidad and Tobago 54·5% 6·8% 38·7% 0% 56·3% (46·9–66·8) 7·1% (5·0–9·7) 36·7% (27·1–46·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Tunisia 57·2% 4·5% 38·1% 0·2% 60·7% (53·6–67·4) 4·4% (3·5–6·1) 34·8% (28·6–41·6) 0·1% (0·0–0·3)
Turkey 78·4% 3·5% 18% 0·1% 79·5% (75·3–84·4) 3·0% (2·2–3·6) 17·5% (13·2–21·5) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Turkmenistan 59·2% 8·7% 31·6% 0·6% 67·6% (57·4–76·8) 6·1% (4·3–8·3) 26·2% (18·5–35·2) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Uganda 0·9% 64·8% 16·4% 18% 3·7% (1·3–8·0) 52·5% (40·1–62·3) 25·1% (18·7–31·4) 18·7% (7·2–35·8)
Ukraine 51·3% 0·9% 46·8% 0·9% 48·1% (34·8–56·8) 1·0% (0·7–1·7) 49·0% (40·4–62·3) 2·0% (0·2–7·0)
United Arab Emirates 72·3% 9·9% 17·8% 0% 75·7% (66·9–84·9) 9·0% (5·4–13·5) 15·3% (9·1–22·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
UK 83·1% 7·1% 9·7% 0% 83·3% (79·3–86·9) 7·1% (5·6–8·9) 9·5% (7·3–12·6) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
USA 49·8% 38·8% 11·4% 0% 51·9% (46·2–57·4) 37·8% (33·2–43·2) 10·2% (8·7–11·9) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Uruguay 71·2% 13·2% 15·6% 0% 74·2% (67·0–79·6) 12·7% (9·8–17·2) 13·1% (9·3–17·7) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Uzbekistan 51·9% 2·6% 43·7% 1·7% 69·3% (57·6–80·6) 1·6% (1·0–2·2) 28·5% (17·7–39·6) 0·6% (0·0–1·7)
Vanuatu 56·7% 0% 5·4% 37·9% 69·0% (43·2–88·4) 0·7% (0·3–1·3) 3·6% (1·7–6·0) 26·7% (8·2–53·2)
Venezuela 29·3% 6·3% 64·3% 0% 35·7% (26·0–46·0) 6·4% (4·8–8·8) 58·0% (48·4–67·0) 0·0% (0·0–0·0)
Vietnam 53% 6·9% 37·4% 2·7% 66·9% (54·5–77·9) 5·7% (4·1–7·8) 27·1% (17·0–38·5) 0·4% (0·0–1·8)
Yemen 14·3% 1·7% 74·7% 9·3% 13·5% (3·9–27·7) 1·4% (0·9–2·2) 67·8% (48·0–83·9) 17·3% (5·2–39·0)
Zambia 32·6% 0% 27·7% 39·7% 44·7% (29·2–59·8) 1·1% (0·7–1·7) 27·2% (17·8–37·6) 26·9% (10·6–49·2)

Data in parentheses are uncertainty intervals. Data are percentages. GBD=global burden of disease.