Table 6B.

Summary of parameter estimates for models with strict invariance across eight different percentages of contaminated data (Conditions 5–8).

Strict invariance		M10–20			M20–30			M30–30			M40–40
Parameters	True	Bias	90% CI of estimates		Bias	90% CI of estimates		Bias	90% CI of estimates		Bias	90% CI of estimates
τ11	0.00	0.29	0.21	0.38	0.50	0.40	0.61	0.46	0.36	0.58	0.77	0.63	0.91
τ12	2.00	0.42	2.30	2.55	0.74	2.59	2.90	0.80	2.64	2.97	1.24	3.04	3.46
τ13	3.00	0.42	3.26	3.59	0.79	3.61	3.99	0.92	3.71	4.13	1.45	4.19	4.71
τ21	0.00	0.21	0.15	0.28	0.35	0.27	0.43	0.31	0.23	0.39	0.52	0.41	0.63
τ22	1.00	0.29	1.21	1.38	0.52	1.42	1.62	0.57	1.46	1.68	0.91	1.76	2.05
τ23	1.50	0.36	1.77	1.96	0.68	2.06	2.30	0.82	2.19	2.45	1.28	2.61	2.95
τ31	0.00	0.26	0.19	0.34	0.44	0.35	0.54	0.41	0.31	0.50	0.69	0.55	0.82
τ32	1.00	0.34	1.24	1.45	0.62	1.49	1.75	0.68	1.55	1.82	1.09	1.91	2.27
τ33	2.00	0.40	2.28	2.53	0.76	2.61	2.92	0.92	2.76	3.10	1.45	3.24	3.67
τ41	0.00	0.20	0.15	0.26	0.33	0.27	0.40	0.29	0.22	0.36	0.49	0.39	0.58
τ42	1.00	0.29	1.22	1.37	0.52	1.43	1.62	0.57	1.47	1.67	0.89	1.77	2.02
τ43	2.00	0.33	2.23	2.42	0.61	2.50	2.73	0.72	2.60	2.85	1.14	2.98	3.30
λ2	0.80	−0.03	0.71	0.84	−0.04	0.70	0.84	−0.03	0.70	0.84	−0.03	0.69	0.85
λ3	1.00	−0.05	0.87	1.03	−0.07	0.85	1.02	−0.06	0.85	1.03	−0.06	0.84	1.04
λ4	0.70	0.01	0.65	0.77	0.01	0.65	0.77	0.01	0.65	0.78	0.02	0.65	0.79
σ2(F)_US	1.60	2.21	3.36	4.32	4.26	5.13	6.70	4.62	5.40	7.12	8.16	8.37	11.26
μ(F)_HK	0.90	0.41	1.22	1.39	0.72	1.52	1.73	0.79	1.57	1.81	1.23	1.98	2.30
σ2(F)_HK	1.00	0.01	0.89	1.15	0.00	0.87	1.14	−0.03	0.84	1.11	−0.05	0.82	1.10

The parameters not labeled with US or HK are constrained equal across the two groups.