Table 4A.
Summary of parameter estimates for models with weak invariance across eight different percentages of contaminated data (Conditions 1–4).
| Weak invariance | M0–0 | M5–5 | M10–10 | M20–20 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | True | Bias | 90% CI of estimates | bias | 90% CI of estimates | Bias | 90% CI of estimates | Bias | 90% CI of estimates | ||||
| τ11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.07 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.41 |
| τ12 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.89 | 2.13 | 0.11 | 1.99 | 2.24 | 0.26 | 2.26 | 2.27 | 0.46 | 2.30 | 2.63 |
| τ13_US | 3.00 | 0.01 | 2.84 | 3.18 | 0.04 | 2.87 | 3.22 | 0.26 | 3.25 | 3.26 | 0.25 | 3.05 | 3.44 |
| τ21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.31 |
| τ22_US | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.06 | 0.99 | 1.14 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.27 | 1.19 | 1.35 |
| τ23_US | 1.50 | 0.01 | 1.43 | 1.60 | 0.06 | 1.47 | 1.65 | 0.00 | 1.49 | 1.50 | 0.25 | 1.66 | 1.85 |
| τ31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.37 |
| τ32_US | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.92 | 1.08 | 0.07 | 0.99 | 1.16 | 0.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.31 | 1.22 | 1.41 |
| τ33_US | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.89 | 2.11 | 0.06 | 1.95 | 2.17 | −0.08 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 0.27 | 2.15 | 2.40 |
| τ41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.28 |
| τ42_US | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 0.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 0.29 | 1.21 | 1.37 |
| τ43_US | 2.00 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 2.09 | 0.04 | 1.96 | 2.13 | −0.01 | 1.99 | 2.00 | 0.21 | 2.11 | 2.31 |
| λ2 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.90 | −0.01 | 0.70 | 0.87 | −0.13 | 0.67 | 0.67 | −0.05 | 0.68 | 0.82 |
| λ3 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 1.13 | −0.03 | 0.87 | 1.08 | −0.22 | 0.78 | 0.78 | −0.10 | 0.81 | 0.99 |
| λ4 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.01 | 0.64 | 0.78 | −0.08 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.01 | 0.65 | 0.78 |
| σ2(F)_US | 1.60 | 0.00 | 1.37 | 1.87 | 0.42 | 1.73 | 2.36 | 0.84 | 2.44 | 2.46 | 2.17 | 3.23 | 4.39 |
| τ13_HK | 3.00 | 0.01 | 2.82 | 3.21 | 0.14 | 2.94 | 3.35 | 0.37 | 3.28 | 3.47 | 0.57 | 3.33 | 3.83 |
| τ22_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 1.11 | 0.07 | 0.98 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.31 | 1.22 | 1.41 |
| τ23_HK | 1.50 | 0.01 | 1.39 | 1.64 | 0.11 | 1.49 | 1.73 | 0.02 | 1.45 | 1.59 | 0.44 | 1.83 | 2.06 |
| τ32_HK | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 1.19 | −0.03 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.37 | 1.26 | 1.48 |
| τ33_HK | 2.00 | 0.01 | 1.85 | 2.19 | 0.09 | 1.93 | 2.26 | −0.16 | 1.76 | 1.91 | 0.41 | 2.26 | 2.58 |
| τ42_HK | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.92 | 1.09 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 1.18 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 1.09 | 0.36 | 1.27 | 1.46 |
| τ43_HK | 2.00 | 0.01 | 1.87 | 2.15 | 0.11 | 1.96 | 2.26 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 2.10 | 0.46 | 2.31 | 2.61 |
| σ2(v1)_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.89 | 1.13 | 0.49 | 0.87 | 1.11 | 0.58 | 0.97 | 1.18 | 0.41 | 0.79 | 1.04 |
| σ2(v2)_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.87 | 1.14 | 0.43 | 0.81 | 1.05 | 0.22 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 0.26 | 0.67 | 0.87 |
| σ2(v3)_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.87 | 1.16 | 0.42 | 0.78 | 1.05 | 0.10 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.25 | 0.64 | 0.85 |
| σ2(v4)_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.88 | 1.16 | 0.47 | 0.86 | 1.11 | 0.29 | 0.68 | 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.77 | 0.99 |
| μ(F)_HK | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.12 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.24 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 0.52 | 1.32 | 1.53 |
| σ2(F)_HK | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.87 | 1.17 | −0.02 | 0.84 | 1.12 | 0.02 | 0.93 | 1.11 | −0.12 | 0.75 | 1.03 |
The parameters not labeled with US or HK are constrained equal across the two groups.