Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the study sample
| Characteristic | Value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Patients (N1 = 1596) | ||
| Mean age [years] | 60.21 | 59.33–61.08 |
| Male [n (%)] | 959 (60.09) | 57.6–62.5 |
| Female [n (%)] | 637 (39.91) | 37.5–42.4 |
| Hospital admissions (N2 = 1696) | ||
| Non-infectious pathology [n (%)] - SI | 697 (41.09) | 38.7–43.5 |
| Community acquired infections [n (%)] - SII | 344 (20.28) | 18.4–22.3 |
| Non-infectious pathology complicated by HAI [n (%)] - SIII | 609 (35.91) | 33.6–38.3 |
| CAI complicated by HAI [n (%)] - SIV | 46 (2.71) | 2.0–3.6 |
| Average no. days of hospital stay [days] | 9.20 | 8.61–9.79 |
| Deaths [n (%)] | 766 (45.16) | 42.8–47.6 |
| Improved evolution [n (%)] | 857 (50.53) | 48.1–52.9 |
| Stationary evolution [n (%)] | 52 (3.06) | 2.3–4.0 |
| Aggravated evolution [n (%)] | 20 (1.18) | 0.7–1.9 |
| Transferred cases [n (%)] | 1 (0.06) | 0.0–0.4 |
| Average no. days of antimicrobial drugs treatment [days] | 6.59 | 6.20–6.99 |
| Number of administered antimicrobial drugs [no.] | 1.85 | 1.78–1.92 |
| Biological samples (N3 = 1291) | ||
| Bronchial aspirate [n (%)] | 532 (41.21) | 38.5–44.0 |
| Blood [n (%)] | 285 (22.07) | 19.9–24.5 |
| Urine [n (%)] | 167 (12.93) | 11.2–14.9 |
| Wound secretion [n (%)] | 116 (8.98) | 7.5–10.7 |
| Catheter tip [n (%)] | 90 (6.97) | 5.7–8.5 |
| Peritoneal fluid [n (%)] | 32 (2.48) | 1.7–3.5 |
| Pus [n (%)] | 25 (1.93) | 1.3–2.9 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid [n (%)] | 14 (1.08) | 0.6–1.9 |
| Other [n (%)] | 30 (2.32) | 1.6–3.3 |
| Isolated strains of species/genera – after excluding duplicates (N4 = 1322) | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus [n (%)] | 241 (18.23) | 16.2–20.5 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae [n (%)] | 220 (16.64) | 14.7–18.8 |
| Escherichia coli [n (%)] | 138 (10.43) | 8.9–12.3 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa [n (%)] | 137 (10.36) | 8.8–12.2 |
| Proteus mirabilis [n (%)] | 136 (10.28) | 8.7–12.1 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii [n (%)] | 134 (10.13) | 8.6–11.9 |
| Candida albicans [n (%)] | 100 (7.56) | 6.2–9.1 |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus [n (%)] | 85 (6.43) | 5.2–7.9 |
| Providencia stuartii [n (%)] | 23 (1.73) | 1.1–2.6 |
| Proteus spp. [n (%)] | 22 (1.66) | 1.1–2.6 |
| Enterobacter cloacae [n (%)] | 17 (1.28) | 0.8–2.1 |
| Enterococcus faecalis [n (%)] | 12 (0.91) | 0.5–1.6 |
| Serratia marcescens [n (%)] | 12 (0.91) | 0.5–1.6 |
| Other [n (%)] | 45 (3.40) | 2.5–4.6 |
| Resistance phenotypes | ||
| MRSA [n (%)] | 129 (53.53) | 47.0–60.0 |
| ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae [n (%)] | 123 (55.91) | 49.1–62.6 |
| MDR Acinetobacter baumannii [n (%)] | 73 (54.47) | 45.7–63.1 |
| ESBL Proteus mirabilis [n (%)] | 65 (47.79) | 39.2–56.5 |
| MRCNS [n (%)] | 53 (62.35) | 51.2–72.6 |
| MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa [n (%)] | 52 (37.96) | 29.8–46.6 |
| ESBL Escherichia coli [n (%)] | 23 (16.67) | 10.9–24.0 |
| ESBL Enterobacter cloacae [n (%)] | 5 (29.41) | 10.3–56.0 |