Table 2.
Selecting a Conceptual Framework for Implementation Science
| Example of Specific Implementation Research Question | Family of Questions | Overall Goal | Theory or Conceptual Framework (Examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
| What are the barriers to and enablers of implementing asthma clinical pathways in community hospitals? | What are the behavioral and contextual barriers to and enablers of implementation? What component(s) should be included in the implementation strategy to overcome the barriers and enhance the enablers? | Develop an implementation strategy to translate research into practice | Behavior Change Wheel (59); PRECEDE (60) |
| What components should be included in a strategy to implement lung-protective ventilation in patients with ARDS? | |||
| What are the barriers to and enablers of implementing a behavioral weight loss program into a sleep apnea clinic? | |||
| Can best practices for asthma clinical pathway implementation be adapted to community hospitals? | What factors explain whether or not an implementation strategy is effective? Can a successful implementation strategy or health program be adapted to a different setting? | Understand what influences implementation outcomes | Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (48); Theory of Diffusion (32) |
| What factors reduced the adoption of lung-protective ventilation in patients with ARDS by respiratory therapists? | |||
| Can a general behavioral weight loss program be adapted for use in a sleep apnea clinic? | |||
| Does a strategy to implement asthma clinical pathways improve asthma management in community hospitals? | Is an implementation strategy effective in translating research into practice? | Evaluate implementation strategy using process and clinical outcomes | RE-AIM (49); PRISM (61); Logic Model (62) |
| What is the effect of an implementation strategy to use lung-protective ventilation in patients with ARDS on mortality and ventilator duration? | |||
| Does adding a behavioral weight loss program into sleep apnea care reduce cardiovascular risk? |
Definition of abbreviations: ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; PRECEDE = Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Education Diagnosis and Evaluation; PRISM = Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model; RE-AIM = Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance.