Table 2.
Synthesis of the areas of knowledge, attitude and practice explored by the 18 full questionnaires reviewed
| Authors | Country | Experience and practice | Attitude | Knowledge | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous clinical encounter with women with FGM | Asking women about FGM | Previous request of performing reinfibulation or FGM. Knowledge of FGM happening overseas | Performing defibulation | Other practicesa | Human rights | Health risks | FGM practiceb | Training regarding FGMc | Current controversial issuesd | Child protection, reporting and law against FGM | Inclusion of men when discussing about FGM | Information on FGMe | Guidelines and other available resources | FGM complications | Child protection and law | Pricking and FGCS | Managementf | ||
| Moeed 2012 | Australia | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||
| Sureshkumar 2016 | Australia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Leye 2008 | Belgium | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
| Cappon 2015 | Belgium | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||
| Kaplan 2009 | Spain | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Tamaddon 2006 | Sweden | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||
| UNICEF 2012 | Switzerland | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| UNICEF 2016 | Switzerland | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||
| Elliott 2016 | UK | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||
| Relph 2013 | UK | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||
| Purchase 2013 | UK | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||
| Jacoby 2013 | U.S.A | x | |||||||||||||||||
| Hess 2010 | U.S.A | x | x | x | |||||||||||||||
| Kaplan 2013 and 2016 | Gambia | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
| Onuh 2006 | Nigeria | x | x | x | x | ||||||||||||||
| UNFPA 2016 | Sudan | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||||||||
aOther practices include previous experiences and practices related to asylum and FGM, risk assessment and protection of girls, working with certified interpreters, availability of specialized care, specific local services; referral centers and local guidelines
bAttitude on FGM practice includes attitude on the rite of passage of FGM; women with and without FGM, including difficulties when caring for/discussing with women with FGM, reinfibulation and defibulation; parents who allow FGM; medicalization; FGM for a own daughter or in the own family; role of caregivers; reasons for performing FGM
cTraining regarding FGM includes interest in further training; opinion on available training; self confidence on self knowledge on FGM
dControversial issues are pricking, female genital cosmetic surgeries, piercing, male circumcision, reinfibulation, FGM requested by adult women, terminology and alternative rituals to FGM
eInformation on FGM including religion of communities practicing it, countries at risk, prevalence, definition, classification, reasons of the practice, stigmatization in host country
fManagement of complications of FGM, in particular type III. Defibulation. C-section in case of FGM