Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of the patients at admission to nursing homes (NH)
| All patients | Patients with dementia | Patients without dementia | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 696 | n= 583 | n= 113 | ||
| Age mean (SD) | 84.5 (7.5) | 84.1 (7.5) | 86.5 (7.0) | 0.002a) |
| Female gender | 445 (63.9) | 375 (64.3) | 70 (61.9) | 0.630b) |
| Unmarried/divorced/widowed vs. married/partner n/N | 478/687 (69.6) | 390/576 (67.6) | 88/111 (79.3) | 0.015b) |
| n=516 | n=428 | n=88 | ||
| Education in years – mean (SD) | 8.34 (2.8) | 8.30 (2.9) | 8.50 (2.4) | 0.549a) |
| Residence before admission | n=520 | n=428 | n=92 | |
| Private home | 230 (44.2) | 194 (45.3) | 36 (39.1) | 0.278b) |
| Sheltered flat | 71 (13.7) | 59 (13.8) | 12 (13.0) | 0.851b) |
| Care Home (CH) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.2) | - | 0.592c) |
| CH with Nursing | 134 (25.8) | 110 (25.7) | 24 (26.1) | 0.939b) |
| Hospital | 78 (15.0) | 58 (13.6) | 20 (21.7) | 0.046b) |
| Other | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | - | 1.000c) |
| Type of unit | n= 696 | n= 583 | n= 113 | |
| Regular unit (RU) | 385 (55.3) | 303 (52.0) | 82 (72.6) | <0.001b) |
| Respite and rehabilitation unit (RRU) | 85 (12.2) | 64 (11.0) | 21 (18.6) | 0.024b) |
| Special care unit (SCU) | 226 (32.5) | 216 (37.0) | 10 (8.8) | <0.001b) |
| GMHR | n=666 | n=557 | n=109 | |
| GMHR dichotomized; poor/fair | 349 (52.4) | 280 (50.3) | 69 (63.3) | 0.013b) |
| MOBID-2 | ||||
| Total score | n=667 | n=557 | n=110 | |
| mean (SD) | 2.1 (2.2) | 1.96 (2.1) | 2.84 (2.4) | <0.001a) |
| Overall pain at a 10-point scale | n=597 | n=490 | n=107 | |
| mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.5) | 2.17 (2.4) | 3.42 (2.8) | <0.001a) |
| UPDRS-6 | n=528 | n= 446 | n=82 | |
| mean (SD) | 3.6 (3.7) | 3.6 (3.7) | 3.6 (3.4) | 0.870a) |
| Vision | n=681 | n=569 | n=112 | |
| Normal | 161 (23.6) | 138 (24.3) | 23 (20.5) | 0.036b) |
| Mildly impaired | 431 (63.3) | 365 (64.1) | 66 (58.9) | |
| Very impaired | 89 (13.1) | 66 (11.6) | 23 (20.5) | |
| Hearing | n=682 | n=571 | n=111 | |
| Normal | 299 (43.8) | 259 (45.4) | 40 (36.0) | 0.193b) |
| Mildly impaired | 290 (42.5) | 236 (41.3) | 54 (48.6) | |
| Very impaired | 93 (13.6) | 76 (13.3) | 17 (15.3) | |
| Use of psychotropic medication** | n= 696 | n= 583 | n= 113 | |
| Antipsychotics | 84 (12.1) | 72 (12.4) | 12 (10.6) | 0.605b) |
| Antidepressants | 199 (28.6) | 167 (28.6) | 32 (28.3) | 0.944b) |
| Anxiolytics | 108 (15.5) | 89 (15.3) | 19 (16.8) | 0.677b) |
| Sedatives | 167 (23.9) | 128 (21.9) | 39 (34.5) | 0.004b) |
| Anti-dementia drugs | 169 (24.3) | 163 (28.0) | 6 (5.3) | <0.001b) |
| CSDD | n=657 | n=548 | n=109 | |
| mean (SD) | 6.4 (5.2) | 6.6 (5.3) | 5.7 (4.7) | 0.094a) |
| PSMS | n=694 | n=582 | n=112 | |
| mean (SD) | 15.3 (4.5) | 15.3 (4.5) | 15.4 (4.7) | 0.797a) |
| QoL-AD*** | ||||
| Patient rated | n=276 | n=227 | n=49 | |
| mean (SD) | 33.1 (5.5) | 32.7 (5.4) | 34.7 (5.6) | 0.025a) |
| Staff rated | n=346 | n=300 | n=46 | |
| mean (SD) | 31.8 (5.8) | 31.7 (5.7) | 32.6 (6.8) | 0.327a) |
| QUALID | n=691 | n=579 | n=112 | |
| mean (SD) | 20.0 (7.2) | 20.0 (7.2) | 19.4 (7.1) | 0.402a) |
| EQ-5D | ||||
| Patient rated | n=219 | n=172 | n=47 | |
| mean (SD) | 3.3 (2.2) | 2.9 (2.1) | 4.7 (2.3) | <0.001a) |
| Staff rated | n=455 | n=392 | n=63 | |
| mean (SD) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.5 (1.9) | 0.393a) |
| Overall QoL VAS-scale | n=520 | n=421 | n=99 | |
| mean (SD) | 60.4 (23.5) | 62.1 (23.1) | 53.1 (23.7) | 0.001a) |
| Patient rated | n=197 | n=153 | n=44 | |
| mean (SD) | 61.6 (23.5) | 63.7 (23.2) | 54.2 (23.4) | 0.018a) |
| Staff rated | n=314 | n=260 | n=54 | |
| mean (SD) | 59.2 (23.2) | 60.6 (22.9) | 52.7 (24.0) | 0.023a) |
All figures in (%) if not otherwise stated
SD standard deviation
GMHR General Medical Health Rating Scale
MOBID-2 Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale
UPDRS-6 Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, six-item version
CSDD Cornell scale for depression in dementia
PSMS Physical Self-Maintenance Scale
QoL-AD Quality of Life Alzheimer Disease
QUALID Quality of Life in Late Stage Dementia
EQ-5D a standardised instrument for use as a measure of health outcome
QoL Quality of Life
VAS Visual Analogue Scale
*p-value for difference in patients with and without dementia
**Psychotropic medications were grouped as: antipsychotics (N05A except lithium), antidepressants (N06A), anxiolytics (N05B), hypnotic/sedatives (N05C), and anti-dementia medication (N06D)
***In this sample, 132 patients had their QoL-AD score assessed by both themselves and staff:
Patient scored: mean 31.5 (4.9)
Staff scored: mean 34.0 (5.6)
p-value 0.000a)
a) Independent Student’s t-test
b) Pearson Chi-square Test
c) Fisher’s Exact Test
d) Mann-Whitney U Test