Table 1.

Summary of HVIGI studies

Study	Intervention	Control	+/− VAS Pain	+/− Function eg VISA-A/P
Achilles tendinopathy
Chan 2008 [68]	N = 30 10ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 25mg Hydrocortisone 40ml N Saline	No control	N = 21 @4w -51mm	N = 21 @4w VISA-A +31.4
Humphrey 2010 [69]	N = 11 10ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 25mg Hydrocortisone 40ml N Saline	No Control		@3w VISA-A +38 (P < 0.001) NeoVasc reduced 3 to 1.1 Tendon diam 8.7 to 7.6mm
Restighini 2012 [70]	N = 32 5ml 1% Lidocaine 25mg Hydrocortisone Up to 40ml N Saline	No Control	@4w -34mm @3m -37mm	@4w VISA-A +26.5 @3m VISA-A +28.7 NeoVasc reduced 2 to 0.2
Maffuli 2013 [71]	N = 94 10ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 25mg Aprotinin up to 40mls N saline	No Control		@12m VISA-A +32.9 (P = 0.003)
Wheeler 2014 [72]	N = 16 10ml 1% Lidocaine 40ml Saline	No Control	@347d −6.1/10 (P = 0.001)	@347d VISA-A + 41 (P = 0.001)
Wheeler 2016 [73]	N = 34 10ml 1% Lidocaine + 40ml Saline V 10ml 1% Lidocaine + 20ml Saline	No Control	@281d −4.6/10 (P < 0.01) 50ml Group	@281v271d VISA-A +33.4 and + 6.94 in 50ml and 30ml group respectively (P = 0.002)
Patellar tendinopathy
Crisp 2008 [74]	N = 9 10ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 25mg Hydrocortisone 40ml N Saline	No control	@2w Sig. improve.	@9m VISA-P +22
Morton 2014 [22]	N = 20 10 ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 25mg hydrocortisone 30ml N saline	No Control		@12w–9m VISA-P +19 (P < 0.01)
Maffuli 2016 [75]	N = 44 10ml 0.5% Bupivacaine 62500 IU Aprotinin 40ml N saline	No Control	@15m -63mm (P = 0.01)	@15m VISA-P +29.3 (P = 0.003)

VISA-A Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles, VISA-P Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, NeoVasc Grade of Neovasculatity, IU International Units, m months, w weeks, d days