Fig. 4.

LPS upregulates AIF1/IBA1 and macrophage/microglia phenotype markers in the choroid plexus. Expression levels were investigated by transcriptome analysis (Illumina HiSeq 2000) on RNA extracted from the choroid plexus. Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF1) expression corresponded with increased IBA1 signal detected by immunohistochemistry (a). Genes indicating activation of macrophage/microglia phenotype M1 and M2 increased in both PRNP genotypes. A significant upregulation (log2 ratio >0.59, q < 0.05) in PRNP ^+/+ and PRNP ^Ter/Ter goats is indicated by an asterisk and plus sign, respectively (b). Some Iba1-positive cells are present in the choroid plexus of saline-treated animals (c). The number of Iba1-positive cells is increased, and the cells have a different location and longer processes in LPS-treated animals. Cells are localized within the stroma (S), between the epithelial cells (arrowhead) and protruding from the apical surface (arrow) (d). No infiltration of inflammatory cells is observed within the stroma (e). ×200 magnification. LPS, n = 16. Saline, n = 10